Tomczak Wirginia, Gryta Marek, Woźniak Piotr, Daniluk Monika
Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, 3 Seminaryjna Street, 85-326 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Piastów Ave. 42, 71-065 Szczecin, Poland.
Membranes (Basel). 2025 Feb 20;15(3):66. doi: 10.3390/membranes15030066.
Car wash wastewater (CWW) is complex waste that may be effectively treated by the ultrafiltration (UF) process. However, one of the most important challenges in implementing this process on an industrial scale is the fouling phenomenon membrane aging. Indeed, these may lead to a reduction in UF performance possibly associated with a loss in integrity of the fouled/aged membrane. Therefore, the main aim of the current study was to provide a comprehensive investigation on the changes in the separation properties of aged FP100 ultrafiltration membranes made of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) with respect to their application for long-term treatment of CWW. For this purpose, studies were conducted for new membranes and membranes previously used for over 5 years in a pilot plant. As a feed, solutions of dextran, solutions of model organism and synthetic CWW were used. It has been found that PVDF membranes demonstrated poor stability when in frequent contact with chemicals periodically applied for membrane cleaning. Indeed, the aged membranes were characterised by the increased porosity. However, it is important to note that membranes aging had no significant impact on the permeate quality during the UF process of synthetic CWW. Indeed, the obtained permeate was characterised by the turbidity lower than 0.25 NTU. Likewise, with regard to the separation of , the aged PVDF membranes ensured the high process efficiency and over 99.99% bacterial retention. In the interest of the growing potential of PVDF membrane in CWW treatment, the results obtained in the current work complement the findings made in this field.
洗车废水（CWW）是一种复杂的废弃物，可通过超滤（UF）工艺进行有效处理。然而，在工业规模上实施该工艺面临的最重要挑战之一是膜污染现象——膜老化。实际上，这些可能会导致超滤性能下降，还可能伴随着被污染/老化膜的完整性丧失。因此，本研究的主要目的是全面研究由聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）制成的老化FP100超滤膜在长期处理洗车废水方面的分离性能变化。为此，对新膜和先前在中试装置中使用了5年以上的膜进行了研究。以葡聚糖溶液、模式生物溶液和合成洗车废水作为进料。研究发现，PVDF膜在与定期用于膜清洗的化学物质频繁接触时表现出较差的稳定性。实际上，老化膜的特点是孔隙率增加。然而，需要注意的是，在合成洗车废水的超滤过程中，膜老化对渗透液质量没有显著影响。实际上，所获得的渗透液的浊度低于0.25 NTU。同样，关于（此处原文似乎缺失部分内容）的分离，老化的PVDF膜确保了高处理效率和超过99.99%的细菌截留率。鉴于PVDF膜在洗车废水处理中的潜力不断增长，当前工作获得的结果补充了该领域的研究发现。
