Bodzek Michał, Bodzek Piotr
Institute of Environmental Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland.
Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland.
Membranes (Basel). 2025 Mar 5;15(3):82. doi: 10.3390/membranes15030082.
Micro- and nanoplastics (NPs) cannot be completely removed from water/wastewater in conventional wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs). According to the literature analysis, membrane processes, one of the advanced treatment technologies, are the most effective and promising technologies for the removal of microplastics (MPs) from water and wastewater. In this article, firstly, the properties of MPs commonly found in water and wastewater treatment and their removal efficiencies are briefly reviewed. In addition, research on the use of microfiltration (MF), ultrafiltration (UF), nanofiltration (NF), reverse osmosis (RO), and membrane bioreactors (MBR) for the remediation of MPs and NPs from water/wastewater is reviewed, and the advantages/disadvantages of each removal method are discussed. Membrane filtration is also compared with other methods used to remove MPs. Furthermore, the problem of membrane fouling by MPs during filtration and the potential for MPs to be released from the polymeric membrane structure are discussed. Finally, based on the literature survey, the current status and gaps in research on MPs removal by membrane technologies are identified, and recommendations for further research are made.
微塑料和纳米塑料（NPs）在传统污水处理厂（WWTPs）和饮用水处理厂（DWTPs）中无法从水/废水中完全去除。根据文献分析，作为先进处理技术之一的膜工艺是从水和废水中去除微塑料（MPs）最有效且最具前景的技术。在本文中，首先简要回顾了水和废水处理中常见微塑料的特性及其去除效率。此外，还综述了使用微滤（MF）、超滤（UF）、纳滤（NF）、反渗透（RO）和膜生物反应器（MBR）从水/废水中修复微塑料和纳米塑料的研究，并讨论了每种去除方法的优缺点。还将膜过滤与用于去除微塑料的其他方法进行了比较。此外，还讨论了过滤过程中微塑料造成的膜污染问题以及微塑料从聚合物膜结构中释放的可能性。最后，基于文献调查，确定了膜技术去除微塑料研究的现状和差距，并提出了进一步研究的建议。
