Kiełbowski Kajetan, Bakinowska Estera, Becht Rafał, Pawlik Andrzej
Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.
Department of Clinical Oncology, Chemotherapy and Cancer Immunotherapy, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland.
Metabolites. 2025 Feb 21;15(3):144. doi: 10.3390/metabo15030144.
Amino acids are crucial components of proteins, key molecules in cellular physiology and homeostasis. However, they are also involved in a variety of other mechanisms, such as energy homeostasis, nitrogen exchange, further synthesis of bioactive compounds, production of nucleotides, or activation of signaling pathways. Moreover, amino acids and their metabolites have immunoregulatory properties, significantly affecting the behavior of immune cells. Immunotherapy is one of the oncological treatment methods that improves cytotoxic properties of one's own immune system. Thus, enzymes catalyzing amino acid metabolism, together with metabolites themselves, can affect immune antitumor properties and responses to immunotherapy. In this review, we will discuss the involvement of tryptophan, glutamine, and asparagine metabolism in the behavior of immune cells targeted by immunotherapy and summarize results of the most recent investigations on the impact of amino acid metabolites on immunotherapy.
氨基酸是蛋白质的关键组成部分，而蛋白质是细胞生理学和体内平衡中的关键分子。然而，它们还参与多种其他机制，如能量平衡、氮交换、生物活性化合物的进一步合成、核苷酸的产生或信号通路的激活。此外，氨基酸及其代谢产物具有免疫调节特性，显著影响免疫细胞的行为。免疫疗法是改善自身免疫系统细胞毒性特性的肿瘤治疗方法之一。因此，催化氨基酸代谢的酶以及代谢产物本身可影响免疫抗肿瘤特性和对免疫疗法的反应。在本综述中，我们将讨论色氨酸、谷氨酰胺和天冬酰胺代谢在免疫疗法靶向的免疫细胞行为中的作用，并总结关于氨基酸代谢产物对免疫疗法影响的最新研究结果。
