Xu Bo, Liu Zhenying, Shen Yanzhen, Cheng Yunxia, Song Pingping, Wang Feifei, Chao Zhimao
Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Health Vocational College, Beijing 101101, China.
Metabolites. 2025 Mar 11;15(3):188. doi: 10.3390/metabo15030188.
Ziziphi spinosae semen (ZSS), an edible and medicinal substance, was easily infested by () during storage. However, there was no identification method for insect-infested ZSS based on its chemical composition. Therefore, the characteristic compounds in ZSS before and after being infested by were discovered based on the comparison of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), untargeted metabolomics, and other quality characters. Color, total flavonoid content (TFC), and main active compound content were measured to explore the change of physicochemical properties in ZSS after being infested by . Non-targeted metabolomic techniques, including ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) and headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) were used to assess molecular-level alterations. The color changed significantly. The TFC and main active compounds of spinosin, jujuboside A, jujuboside B, and betulinic acid were decreased significantly. A total of nine VOCs and twenty-one metabolites were screened out that could be used to identify whether ZSS was infested. And some metabolites, such as uric acid, gluconic acid, hypoxanthine, and xanthine, were discovered as characteristic compounds in ZSS after being infested by . The study provided the basis and reference for the identification of insect-infested ZSS and offered an example for the identification of other insect-infested edible and medicinal materials.
酸枣仁是一种药食两用物质，在储存期间容易受到（）的侵害。然而，基于其化学成分，尚无针对受虫害酸枣仁的鉴定方法。因此，通过比较挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）、非靶向代谢组学和其他质量特征，发现了酸枣仁在受（）侵害前后的特征化合物。测量了颜色、总黄酮含量（TFC）和主要活性化合物含量，以探究酸枣仁在受（）侵害后的理化性质变化。采用非靶向代谢组学技术，包括超高效液相色谱-质谱联用（UPLC-MS）和顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用（HS-SPME-GC-MS）来评估分子水平的变化。颜色发生了显著变化。TFC以及斯皮诺素、酸枣仁皂苷A、酸枣仁皂苷B和桦木酸等主要活性化合物的含量显著降低。共筛选出9种VOCs和21种代谢物，可用于鉴定酸枣仁是否受到侵害。并且发现一些代谢物，如尿酸、葡萄糖酸、次黄嘌呤和黄嘌呤，是酸枣仁受（）侵害后的特征化合物。该研究为受虫害酸枣仁的鉴定提供了依据和参考，并为其他受虫害药食两用材料的鉴定提供了范例。
