Maldonado-Barrueco Alfredo, de la Calle-Prieto Fernando, Díaz-Menéndez Marta, Arsuaga Marta, García-Rodríguez Julio, Ruiz-Carrascoso Guillermo
Clinical Microbiology and Parasitology Department, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain.
National Referral Unit for Imported Diseases and International Health, High Level Isolation Unit, Hospital Universitario La Paz-Carlos III-CB, 14049 Madrid, Spain.
Med Sci (Basel). 2025 Mar 1;13(1):23. doi: 10.3390/medsci13010023.
The aim of this study was to describe the impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) against SARS-CoV-2 in patients with symptoms of enteric protozoa (EP), including spp., , , spp., , and , in the overall population and in patients who were consulted at a National Referral Center for Imported Tropical Diseases (NRCITD patients) from a healthcare area in Madrid (Spain).
Data on patients with positive RT-PCR results for EP were collected. The periods analyzed were prepandemic (P0, 1 April 2019-31 March 2020), and the first (P1, 1 April 2020-31 March 2021), second (P2, 1 April 2021-31 March 2022), and third (P3, 1 April 2022-31 March 2023) pandemic years. We compared the prevalence, median age, absolute incidence (EP per 100,000 population of each period), and patient profile (NRCITD vs. non-NRCITD) during the study periods using Fisher's test ( < 0.05) and the T-test ( < 0.001).
During P0, 24.8%, [95% CI: 23.9-25.6] of patients tested for EP RT-PCR were positive, 22.6% [95% CI: 21.5-23.7] were positive in P1, 20.4%, [95% CI: 19.5-21.3] were positive during P2, and 20% [95% CI: 19.2-20.9] of patients tested during P3 were positive. During the study, there was no difference in the median ages. The prevalence and absolute incidence of EP showed a decreasing trend during the pandemic for the NRCITD and non-NRCITD patients ( < 0.05).
spp. and showed a lower decrease in prevalence during P1 ( > 0.05) due to the higher detection of colonized patients during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. However, and spp. showed the highest decrease in prevalence and absolute incidence during P2 ( < 0.05) because of the NPIs implemented during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. The NTRCID patients showed a higher prevalence of spp. than the non-NTRCID patients during every period studied ( < 0.001). and showed a homogeneous trend.
本研究旨在描述非药物干预措施（NPIs）对患有肠道原生动物（EP）症状患者（包括 属、 属、 属、 属、 属和 属）感染 SARS-CoV-2 的影响，涵盖总体人群以及来自西班牙马德里一个医疗区域的国家热带病转诊中心（NRCITD 患者）的就诊患者。
收集 EP 的 RT-PCR 检测结果呈阳性患者的数据。分析的时间段为疫情前（P0，2019 年 4 月 1 日至 2020 年 3 月 31 日），以及疫情的第一个（P1，2020 年 4 月 1 日至 2021 年 3 月 31 日）、第二个（P2，2021 年 4 月 1 日至 2022 年 3 月 31 日）和第三个（P3，2022 年 4 月 1 日至 2023 年 3 月 31 日）年份。我们使用 Fisher 检验（<0.05）和 T 检验（<0.001）比较了研究期间的患病率、中位年龄、绝对发病率（每 100,000 人口中各时期的 EP 病例数）以及患者特征（NRCITD 患者与非 NRCITD 患者）。
在 P0 期间，接受 EP RT-PCR 检测的患者中有 24.8%[95%置信区间：23.9 - 25.6]呈阳性，P1 期间为 22.6%[95%置信区间：21.5 - 23.7]，P2 期间为 20.4%[95%置信区间：19.5 - 21.3]，P3 期间接受检测的患者中有 20%[95%置信区间：19.2 - 20.9]呈阳性。在研究期间，中位年龄没有差异。NRCITD 患者和非 NRCITD 患者中 EP 的患病率和绝对发病率在疫情期间呈下降趋势（<0.05）。
由于在 SARS-CoV-2 大流行期间定植患者的检测率较高， 属和 属在 P1 期间患病率下降幅度较小（>0.05）。然而， 属和 属在 P2 期间患病率和绝对发病率下降幅度最大（<0.05），这是由于在 SARS-CoV-2 大流行期间实施了非药物干预措施。在每个研究期间，NTRCID 患者中 属的患病率均高于非 NTRCID 患者（<0.001）。 属和 属呈现出相似的趋势。
