Lane Margaret, Oyster Eleise, Luo Yali, Wang Hao
Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
Toxics. 2025 Mar 13;13(3):207. doi: 10.3390/toxics13030207.
Air pollution has well-documented adverse effects on human health; however, its impact on neurological diseases remains underrecognized. The mechanisms by which various components of air pollutants contribute to neurological disorders are not yet fully understood. This review focuses on key air pollutants, including particulate matter (PM and PM), nitrogen dioxide (NO), ozone (O), carbon monoxide (CO), and diesel exhaust particles (DEPs). This paper summarizes key findings on the effects of air pollution on neurological disorders, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Parkinson's disease (PD). Although the precise biological mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated, evidence suggests that multiple pathways are involved, including blood-brain barrier disruption, oxidative stress, inflammation, and the activation of microglia and astrocytes. This review underscores the role of environmental pollutants as significant risk factors for various neurological diseases and explores their mechanisms of action. By advancing our understanding of these interactions, this work aims to inform new insights for mitigating the adverse effects of air pollution on neurological diseases, ultimately contributing to the establishment of a cleaner and healthier environment for future generations.
空气污染对人类健康的不利影响已有充分记录；然而，其对神经系统疾病的影响仍未得到充分认识。空气污染物的各种成分导致神经紊乱的机制尚未完全明确。本综述重点关注关键空气污染物，包括颗粒物（PM和PM）、二氧化氮（NO）、臭氧（O）、一氧化碳（CO）和柴油尾气颗粒（DEP）。本文总结了空气污染对神经紊乱影响的关键发现，包括自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）、注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）、阿尔茨海默病（AD）和帕金森病（PD）。尽管确切的生物学机制仍有待充分阐明，但有证据表明涉及多种途径，包括血脑屏障破坏、氧化应激、炎症以及小胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞的激活。本综述强调了环境污染物作为各种神经疾病重要风险因素的作用，并探讨了它们的作用机制。通过增进我们对这些相互作用的理解，这项工作旨在为减轻空气污染对神经疾病的不利影响提供新的见解，最终为子孙后代建立一个更清洁、更健康的环境做出贡献。
