Alghofaili Fatimah, Tombuloglu Huseyin, Almessiere Munirah A, Tombuloglu Guzin, Akhtar Sultan, Turumtay Emine Akyuz, Baykal Abdulhadi, Turumtay Halbay
Department of Physics, College of Science, Qassim University, 52571, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Physics, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, 31441, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2025 Mar;32(15):9593-9613. doi: 10.1007/s11356-025-36286-7. Epub 2025 Mar 26.
Nanotechnology has been utilized in diverse domains, encompassing sustainable agriculture. However, the ecotoxicity and environmental safety of nanoparticles need to be evaluated before their large-scale use. This study synthesizes and characterizes magnesium (Mg) and zinc (Zn) co-doped aluminum (Al) oxide (MgZnAlO) NPs and elucidates its potential growth-promoting or genotoxic performance on barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). XRD, EDX, TEM, SEM, and XPS were used to characterize the MgZnAlO NPs. After characterization, the seedlings were grown in a hydroponic solution containing 0, 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg L NPs for 3 weeks. The germination, growth indices, photosynthetic parameters, and nutrient absorption properties were determined. Confocal microscopy, TEM, and SEM were utilized to follow the path and reveal the structural and morphological effects of NPs. The potential genotoxic effect was evaluated using the RAPD-PCR method. Elemental composition analysis of plant parts confirmed that synthesized MgZnAlO NPs, sized at 21.8 nm, were up-taken by the plant roots, leading to increased Mg, Zn, and Al contents of leaves. In addition, compared with the untreated control, the abundance of Ca, K, B, Fe, Mn, and Cu were increased by the NPs treatment. In addition, physiological indices like germination rate (~ 11%), root and leaf growth (15-29%), chlorophyll, and carotenoids (~ 39%) pigments were significantly raised by the NPs inclusion. It can be concluded that low concentrations (< 200 mg L) of MgZnAlO NPs enhance growth parameters effectively and are safe for plant growth. On the other hand, a phytotoxic and genotoxic impact was observed at high concentrations (100-400 mg L). However, considerable amounts of NPs were found to be adsorbed on roots, disrupting root morphology and cell membrane integrity, thus nutrient trafficking and transport. Therefore, it is recommended that MgZnAlO NPs can be used in barley breeding programs at low concentrations. Adding micro- or macroelements required by plants to the NP composition is a promising way to compensate for plant nutrition. However, the negative effects of MgZnAlO NPs on the environment and other living beings due to their genotoxic effects at high doses must be carefully considered.
纳米技术已被应用于包括可持续农业在内的多个领域。然而，在纳米颗粒大规模使用之前，需要对其生态毒性和环境安全性进行评估。本研究合成并表征了镁（Mg）和锌（Zn）共掺杂的氧化铝（MgZnAlO）纳米颗粒，并阐明了其对大麦（Hordeum vulgare L.）潜在的促生长或遗传毒性性能。采用X射线衍射（XRD）、能谱分析（EDX）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和X射线光电子能谱（XPS）对MgZnAlO纳米颗粒进行表征。表征后，将幼苗在含有0、50、100、200和400 mg/L纳米颗粒的水培溶液中培养3周。测定发芽率、生长指标、光合参数和养分吸收特性。利用共聚焦显微镜、TEM和SEM追踪纳米颗粒的路径，并揭示其结构和形态效应。采用随机扩增多态性DNA聚合酶链反应（RAPD-PCR）方法评估潜在的遗传毒性效应。对植物各部分的元素组成分析证实，合成的尺寸为21.8 nm的MgZnAlO纳米颗粒被植物根系吸收，导致叶片中Mg、Zn和Al含量增加。此外，与未处理的对照相比，纳米颗粒处理使Ca、K、B、Fe、Mn和Cu的含量增加。此外，纳米颗粒的加入显著提高了发芽率（约11%）、根和叶的生长（15 - 29%）、叶绿素和类胡萝卜素（约39%）等生理指标。可以得出结论，低浓度（<200 mg/L）的MgZnAlO纳米颗粒能有效提高生长参数，对植物生长安全。另一方面，在高浓度（100 - 400 mg/L）下观察到了植物毒性和遗传毒性影响。然而，发现大量纳米颗粒吸附在根上，破坏了根的形态和细胞膜完整性，从而影响了养分的运输和转运。因此，建议低浓度的MgZnAlO纳米颗粒可用于大麦育种计划。在纳米颗粒组成中添加植物所需的微量元素或大量元素是补偿植物营养的一种有前景的方法。然而，必须仔细考虑高剂量MgZnAlO纳米颗粒因其遗传毒性作用对环境和其他生物的负面影响。
