Annus Amar
School of Theology and Religious Studies, University of Tartu, Ülikooli 18-310, 50090, Tartu, Estonia.
Arch Sex Behav. 2025 Mar 26. doi: 10.1007/s10508-025-03135-0.
Based on evidence of the cuneiform documents and studies in prosopography of the Neo-Assyrian Empire of the seventh century BCE, it can be demonstrated that the last great king of the Sargonid dynasty, Assurbanipal (669-631 BCE), was the fourth son of his mother Ešarra-hammat. This information can be combined with later accounts in the Classical sources, in which the same Assyrian king, called Sardanapal(l)os in Greek, is depicted as effeminate and bisexual. The fact that the king Assurbanipal was the fourth son of his mother lends additional support to these later materials through the hypothesis that the fraternal birth order effect altered his gender identity and sexual orientation through maternal immune response. His father Esarhaddon was a sufferer of the autoimmune disease systemic lupus erythematosus, susceptibility to which is often connected to androgen deficiency, a condition that Assurbanipal may have inherited from his father. There are some indications that the effeminacy of king's character became the source of moral resentment among the political allies of Assyria and its native elites already during his lifetime.
基于楔形文字文献的证据以及对公元前七世纪新亚述帝国人物传记的研究，可以证明萨尔贡王朝的最后一位伟大国王阿舒尔巴尼帕尔（公元前669 - 631年）是他母亲埃沙拉 - 哈马特的第四个儿子。这一信息可以与古典文献中后来的记载相结合，在这些记载中，同一位亚述国王，在希腊被称为萨尔达纳帕卢斯，被描绘成具有女性气质和双性恋倾向。阿舒尔巴尼帕尔国王是其母亲的第四个儿子这一事实，通过兄弟出生顺序效应通过母体免疫反应改变其性别认同和性取向这一假设，为这些后来的记载提供了额外的支持。他的父亲埃萨尔哈东患有自身免疫性疾病系统性红斑狼疮，易患此病常常与雄激素缺乏有关，而阿舒尔巴尼帕尔可能从他父亲那里继承了这种情况。有一些迹象表明，国王性格中的女性气质在他生前就已经成为亚述的政治盟友及其本土精英中道德不满的根源。
