Carius Daniel, Kaminski Elisabeth, Clauß Martina, Ragert Patrick
Department of Movement Neuroscience, Faculty of Sport Science, Leipzig University, 04109, Leipzig, Germany.
Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
Sci Rep. 2025 Mar 26;15(1):10399. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-94699-3.
Human movements must constantly be adapted due to changing internal and external conditions in our environment. The underlying neuronal mechanisms that are responsible for motor adaptations have so far mainly been investigated in highly controlled laboratory scenarios using simple motor tasks. However, because motor adaptations in daily life and sports entail more complex processes involving several cognitive components and strategic adjustments, results from such highly controlled settings only allow restricted conclusions and do not capture neuronal processing in everyday life scenarios. Hence, we studied 56 participants using a table tennis paradigm to unravel cortical activation during motor adaptation in a sport-specific setting using functional NIRS. Furthermore, we wanted to investigate whether cortical activation during motor adaptation is influenced by the temporal order of perturbations (serial vs. randomized practice). Our findings revealed brain areas such as the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and primary sensory cortex, left supplementary motor cortex and left primary motor cortex, as well as right superior parietal cortex and right inferior parietal cortex, exhibited dynamic alterations in their activation as motor adaptation progressed. Specifically, hemodynamic response alterations generally increased during early adaptation and decreased as motor adaptation progressed. On the other hand, no differential changes in cortical brain processing were observed with serial and randomized practice. Based on our findings, we can confirm and extent theoretical models and laboratory evidence of motor adaptation using a sport-specific motor task.
由于我们环境中不断变化的内部和外部条件，人体运动必须不断进行调整。到目前为止，负责运动适应的潜在神经机制主要是在高度受控的实验室场景中使用简单的运动任务进行研究的。然而，由于日常生活和运动中的运动适应涉及更复杂的过程，包括几个认知成分和策略调整，因此这种高度受控环境下的研究结果只能得出有限的结论，无法捕捉日常生活场景中的神经处理过程。因此，我们使用乒乓球范式对56名参与者进行了研究，以利用功能性近红外光谱技术揭示在特定运动环境下运动适应过程中的皮层激活情况。此外，我们还想研究运动适应过程中的皮层激活是否受干扰时间顺序（连续练习与随机练习）的影响。我们的研究结果显示，随着运动适应的进行，背外侧前额叶皮层、初级感觉皮层、左侧辅助运动皮层和左侧初级运动皮层，以及右侧顶上叶皮层和右侧顶下叶皮层等脑区的激活呈现出动态变化。具体而言，血液动力学反应变化通常在早期适应阶段增加，随着运动适应的进展而减少。另一方面，连续练习和随机练习在皮层脑处理方面未观察到差异变化。基于我们的研究结果，我们可以通过一项特定运动任务来证实并扩展运动适应的理论模型和实验室证据。
