Wang Jieni, Zhang Shuqin, Wei Chenlin, Hou Haodong, Song Guozhen, Cao Leichang, Zhang Jinglai
Henan Key Laboratory of Protection and Safety Energy Storage for Light Metal Materials, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
Miami College, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Mar 12;26(6):2551. doi: 10.3390/ijms26062551.
Developing effective treatment technologies for heavy metal-contaminated biomass is of great environmental significance. This study explores the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of biomass contaminated with heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb), focusing on the migration, transformation, and ecological stability of these metals during the process. Biomass samples were treated under subcritical conditions at varying temperatures (170-260 °C) and reaction times (1-4 h). Results showed that heavy metals were mainly enriched in biochar (>98%), and Cu predominantly transformed into metallic copper (Cu), Zn tended to form stable organometallic complexes or remain in non-volatile forms, Pb coexisted in both metallic and carbonate species, and Cd converted into metallic and oxidized states. The transformation of these metals was influenced by reaction parameters, such as temperature and time, which affected both their immobilization and the structural properties of the prepared hydrochar. The Tessier extraction experiments showed that the unstable state (F1, F2) of heavy metals in hydrochar was obviously reduced from 17.9% to 6.8%, and the heavy metals were significantly stabilized compared with the original biomass. This research highlights the potential of HTC as a dual-purpose technology for biomass conversion and heavy metal remediation, offering insights for stabilizing contaminants and producing environmentally stable biochar products.
开发针对重金属污染生物质的有效处理技术具有重大的环境意义。本研究探索了受重金属（铜、锌、镉和铅）污染的生物质的水热碳化（HTC）过程，重点关注这些金属在此过程中的迁移、转化及生态稳定性。生物质样品在不同温度（170 - 260°C）和反应时间（1 - 4小时）的亚临界条件下进行处理。结果表明，重金属主要富集在生物炭中（>98%），其中铜主要转化为金属铜（Cu），锌倾向于形成稳定的有机金属络合物或保持非挥发性形态，铅以金属态和碳酸盐态共存，镉则转化为金属态和氧化态。这些金属的转化受反应参数（如温度和时间）影响，这些参数既影响它们的固定化，也影响所制备水炭的结构性质。Tessier萃取实验表明，水炭中重金属的不稳定态（F1、F2）从17.9%显著降至6.8%，与原始生物质相比，重金属得到了显著稳定。本研究突出了水热碳化作为生物质转化和重金属修复两用技术的潜力，为稳定污染物和生产环境稳定的生物炭产品提供了见解。
