Nałęcz-Jawecki Grzegorz, Mielniczek Jakub, Wawryniuk Milena, Giebułtowicz Joanna, Drobniewska Agata
Department of Toxicology and Food Science, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warszawa, Poland.
Department of Drug Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warszawa, Poland.
Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Mar 13;26(6):2595. doi: 10.3390/ijms26062595.
Ofloxacin is one of the most commonly used antibacterial substances in the world. Like most medicines, it ends up in the environment through municipal sewage and undergoes various transformations, e.g., photodegradation. The aim of this study was an extensive analysis of ofloxacin photodegradation in both pure antibiotic and a commercial eye drop forms. In this study, a sunlight simulator, chromatographic methods of quantitative and qualitative determination, and biological methods for the evaluation of toxicity (Microbial Assay for Risk Assessment (MARA), Microtox and Spirotox) were used. The results showed that ofloxacin decomposed almost completely over 2 h of irradiation. Based on the high resolution mass spectrometry, 22 photoproducts were identified. The most sensitive strain of bacteria in the MARA test () responded at a concentration of 7.6 µg L of ofloxacin. The antibacterial activity of the irradiated samples was higher than that predicted based on the ofloxacin concentration. This suggests that the resulting photoproducts may have a bacteriostatic effect. The results of additional acute toxicity tests indicate the formation of toxic photoproducts, so it is reasonable to use other organisms that are not focused on a specific target. Such actions may allow for the capture of other, unexpected effects of formed photoproducts.
氧氟沙星是世界上最常用的抗菌物质之一。与大多数药物一样，它通过城市污水进入环境并经历各种转化，例如光降解。本研究的目的是对纯抗生素形式和商业眼药水形式的氧氟沙星光降解进行广泛分析。在本研究中，使用了阳光模拟器、定量和定性测定的色谱方法以及毒性评估的生物学方法（风险评估微生物测定法（MARA）、微毒性和螺旋藻毒性）。结果表明，氧氟沙星在照射2小时后几乎完全分解。基于高分辨率质谱，鉴定出22种光产物。MARA试验中最敏感的细菌菌株（）对7.6微克/升的氧氟沙星浓度有反应。辐照样品的抗菌活性高于根据氧氟沙星浓度预测的活性。这表明产生的光产物可能具有抑菌作用。额外急性毒性试验的结果表明形成了有毒的光产物，因此使用不针对特定目标的其他生物体是合理的。此类行动可能有助于捕捉形成的光产物的其他意外影响。
