Eskandari-Asl Amir, Avella Adolfo
Dipartimento di Fisica "E.R. Caianiello", Università degli Studi di Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy.
CNR-SPIN c/o Università degli Studi di Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy.
Materials (Basel). 2025 Mar 16;18(6):1310. doi: 10.3390/ma18061310.
This manuscript reviews our recently developed theory, the dynamical projective operatorial approach (DPOA), for studying pump-probe setups in ultra-fast regimes. After reviewing the general formulation of the DPOA, we focus on its lattice version and provide a formalism that is particularly suitable for several pumped semiconductors. Within the DPOA, we also compute the TR-ARPES signal through out-of-equilibrium Green's functions and establish an out-of-equilibrium counterpart of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem. Moreover, we generalize the linear response theory to pumped systems and address, within the DPOA, the differential transient optical properties, providing an overall robust theoretical and computational framework for studying pump-probe setups. Considering a minimal model for a semiconductor, we illustrate the capabilities of the DPOA and discuss several features emerging in this case study that are relevant to real materials.
本手稿回顾了我们最近开发的用于研究超快体系中泵浦-探测装置的理论——动态投影算符方法（DPOA）。在回顾了DPOA的一般公式后，我们重点关注其晶格版本，并提供了一种特别适用于几种受泵浦半导体的形式体系。在DPOA框架内，我们还通过非平衡格林函数计算了时间分辨角分辨光电子能谱（TR-ARPES）信号，并建立了涨落耗散定理的非平衡对应形式。此外，我们将线性响应理论推广到受泵浦系统，并在DPOA中探讨了微分瞬态光学性质，为研究泵浦-探测装置提供了一个全面稳健的理论和计算框架。考虑到半导体的一个最小模型，我们展示了DPOA的能力，并讨论了该案例研究中出现的与实际材料相关的几个特征。
