1 Department of Chemistry, University of California , Berkeley 94720, CA , USA.
3 Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley 94720, CA , USA.
Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci. 2019 May 20;377(2145):20170463. doi: 10.1098/rsta.2017.0463.
Attosecond science opened the door to observing nuclear and electronic dynamics in real time and has begun to expand beyond its traditional grounds. Among several spectroscopic techniques, X-ray transient absorption spectroscopy has become key in understanding matter on ultrafast time scales. In this review, we illustrate the capabilities of this unique tool through a number of iconic experiments. We outline how coherent broadband X-ray radiation, emitted in high-harmonic generation, can be used to follow dynamics in increasingly complex systems. Experiments performed in both molecules and solids are discussed at length, on time scales ranging from attoseconds to picoseconds, and in perturbative or strong-field excitation regimes. This article is part of the theme issue 'Measurement of ultrafast electronic and structural dynamics with X-rays'.
飞秒科学打开了实时观察原子核和电子动力学的大门，并开始超越其传统领域。在几种光谱技术中，X 射线瞬态吸收光谱已成为理解超快时间尺度物质的关键。在这篇综述中，我们通过一系列标志性实验说明了这个独特工具的功能。我们概述了如何利用高次谐波产生的相干宽带 X 射线辐射来跟踪越来越复杂系统中的动力学。我们详细讨论了分子和固体中的实验，时间尺度从飞秒到皮秒，以及在微扰或强场激发的情况下。本文是“用 X 射线测量超快电子和结构动力学”特刊的一部分。
