Confederat Luminita-Georgeta, Dragostin Oana-Maria, Condurache Mihaela-Iustina
Department of Biomedical Sciences, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Iasi, 700115 Iasi, Romania.
Research Centre in the Medical-Pharmaceutical Field, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, "Dunarea de Jos" University of Galati, 800008 Galati, Romania.
J Clin Med. 2025 Mar 14;14(6):1960. doi: 10.3390/jcm14061960.
Diabetes mellitus has become a major public health problem due to aspects such as an alarming increase in prevalence, the morbidity and mortality associated with its complications and, not least, the economic burden. SGLT2 inhibitors are a relatively new but valuable class of drugs that demonstrated multifaceted effects in addition to hypoglycemic action. Moreover, these drugs demonstrated cardiovascular and renal benefits, even in individuals without diabetes, being recommended by current guidelines to patients with a history of cardiovascular disease, or at high risk for it, as well as to patients with chronic kidney disease. The prescription of this class of drugs is limited by the risk of urogenital infections, despite their multiple demonstrated benefits. Data regarding the prevalence of SGLT2 inhibitors associated with urogenital infections depend on several factors related to the study carried out and to other additional conditions that could precipitate such infections. While SGLT2 inhibitors have a well-established association with the risk of genital infections, the association with urinary tract infections remains controversial and uncertain. This review will be focused on urogenital infections associated with the administration of SGLT2 inhibitors, highlighting their prevalence, risk factors, mechanisms involved, clinical relevance and particularities of management.
由于糖尿病患病率惊人上升、其并发症相关的发病率和死亡率，以及尤其是经济负担等方面，糖尿病已成为一个主要的公共卫生问题。钠-葡萄糖协同转运蛋白2（SGLT2）抑制剂是一类相对较新但很有价值的药物，除了具有降糖作用外，还显示出多方面的效果。此外，这些药物还显示出心血管和肾脏益处，即使在非糖尿病个体中也是如此，目前的指南将其推荐给有心血管疾病病史或心血管疾病高危患者以及慢性肾脏病患者。尽管这类药物已显示出多种益处，但其处方受到泌尿生殖道感染风险的限制。与泌尿生殖道感染相关的SGLT2抑制剂患病率数据取决于与所开展研究相关的几个因素以及可能促成此类感染的其他附加条件。虽然SGLT2抑制剂与生殖器感染风险之间的关联已得到充分证实，但与尿路感染的关联仍存在争议且不明确。本综述将聚焦于与SGLT2抑制剂给药相关的泌尿生殖道感染，突出其患病率、危险因素、涉及的机制、临床相关性及管理特点。
