Sharapova Anna, Goguikian Ratcliff Betty
Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève (HUG), Geneva, Switzerland.
Faculté de Psychologie et des Sciences de l'Éducation, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland.
Front Psychol. 2025 Mar 12;16:1477817. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1477817. eCollection 2025.
Postpartum depression and anxiety negatively affect maternal sense of self-efficacy, which may jeopardize mother-infant bonding. Migrant women are at two to three times higher risk for postpartum depression and anxiety. Therefore, they may experience lower maternal self-efficacy, but studies on the subject are lacking. The aims of this study were (1) to compare two groups of economic migrants of differing legal status in Geneva, Switzerland, to native Swiss women in terms of postpartum depression and anxiety rates, as well as maternal sense of self-efficacy, and (2) to examine the effects of postpartum depression, anxiety, and social support on maternal self-efficacy in the three groups.
A sample of 25 undocumented migrant women, 42 documented migrant women, and 41 Swiss women were interviewed at 3 months postpartum. Depression was assessed with the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale and anxiety with the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Maternal self-efficacy was assessed with the Maternal Self-Efficacy Scale. ANOVAs and multiple regression analysis were used to test mean-level differences among the three groups and identify factors associated with low maternal self-efficacy.
Legal status was associated with living conditions and influenced the rates of postpartum distress. Swiss women and documented migrant women showed low depression and anxiety rates, whereas nearly half of the sample of undocumented women reported high levels of postpartum depression and anxiety. However, despite poor postpartum mental health, undocumented women showed a higher sense of maternal self-efficacy than did documented migrants and Swiss natives. The relationship between postpartum depression, maternal self-efficacy, social support, and legal status is discussed.
产后抑郁和焦虑会对母亲的自我效能感产生负面影响，这可能会危及母婴关系。移民女性患产后抑郁和焦虑的风险比常人高出两到三倍。因此，她们可能会有较低的母亲自我效能感，但目前缺乏关于这一主题的研究。本研究的目的是：（1）比较瑞士日内瓦两组不同法律身份的经济移民女性与瑞士本土女性在产后抑郁和焦虑率以及母亲自我效能感方面的差异；（2）研究产后抑郁、焦虑和社会支持对这三组女性母亲自我效能感的影响。
对25名无合法身份的移民女性、42名有合法身份的移民女性和41名瑞士女性在产后3个月时进行了访谈。使用爱丁堡产后抑郁量表评估抑郁情况，使用状态-特质焦虑量表评估焦虑情况。使用母亲自我效能量表评估母亲的自我效能感。采用方差分析和多元回归分析来检验三组之间的平均水平差异，并确定与母亲低自我效能感相关的因素。
法律身份与生活条件相关，并影响产后困扰的发生率。瑞士女性和有合法身份的移民女性的抑郁和焦虑率较低，而近一半的无合法身份女性样本报告有高水平的产后抑郁和焦虑。然而，尽管产后心理健康状况不佳，但无合法身份的女性比有合法身份的移民和瑞士本土女性表现出更高的母亲自我效能感。本文讨论了产后抑郁、母亲自我效能感、社会支持和法律身份之间的关系。
