Holcomb Ty D, Marks Madison E, Bullock Garrett S, Filben Tanner M, Lazzara Braydon, Moore Justin B, Miles Christopher M, Stitzel Joel D, Urban Jillian E
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
Virginia Tech-Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
J Sports Sci. 2025 Jun;43(11):1015-1026. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2025.2483105. Epub 2025 Mar 27.
American football has a high rate of concussion and subconcussive head impacts resulting from tackling collisions. A tackle must be properly executed to maximize safety for involved athletes. The study objective was to develop a grading rubric and evaluate the relationship between tackle form and head kinematics in youth football. A grading rubric was co-developed with stakeholders and informed by standards for tackling. Head kinematic data were collected from 14 youth athletes via instrumented mouthpiece. Mixed-effects models, linear regression, and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analysis was used to examine the data. A total of 149 head acceleration events (HAEs) that occurred across 125 tackles were collected. The median [95th percentile] peak linear acceleration (PLA), rotational acceleration (PRA), and rotational velocity (PRV) measured from tackling HAEs were 12.9 g [31.2 g], 927 rad/s [2582 rad/s], and 9.8 rad/s [18.9 rad/s] respectively. Greater tackle form score was associated with lower biomechanics on average. Tackles where tacklers lowered their head or allowed their head to cross the body of the ball carrier led to higher magnitude HAEs. The results of this study help inform targets for individual-level interventions targeting tackle form as a method of reducing head impact exposure.
美式橄榄球运动中，擒抱碰撞导致脑震荡和亚脑震荡头部撞击的发生率很高。必须正确执行擒抱动作，以最大限度地保障相关运动员的安全。本研究的目的是制定一个评分标准，并评估青少年橄榄球运动中擒抱姿势与头部运动学之间的关系。与利益相关者共同制定了一个评分标准，并参考了擒抱动作的标准。通过仪器化口器从14名青少年运动员身上收集了头部运动学数据。使用混合效应模型、线性回归和最小绝对收缩和选择算子（LASSO）分析来检验数据。总共收集了125次擒抱中发生的149次头部加速事件（HAE）。从擒抱HAE测量得到的中位[第95百分位数]峰值线性加速度（PLA）、旋转加速度（PRA）和旋转速度（PRV）分别为12.9g[31.2g]、927rad/s[2582rad/s]和9.8rad/s[18.9rad/s]。平均而言，擒抱姿势得分越高，生物力学数值越低。擒抱者低头或让头部越过持球者身体的擒抱动作会导致更高强度的HAE。本研究结果有助于为以擒抱姿势为目标的个体层面干预措施提供参考，将其作为减少头部撞击暴露的一种方法。
