Albright J P, McAuley E, Martin R K, Crowley E T, Foster D T
Am J Sports Med. 1985 May-Jun;13(3):147-52. doi: 10.1177/036354658501300301.
The present study documented head and neck injuries in a study group of 342 college football players at a single institution for a period of 8 years. All freshmen players were screened for evidence of: (1) past history of head and neck injuries, and (2) abnormalities of the cervical spine on physical examination and x-ray film. By recording all head injuries and those neck injuries with time loss, incidence rates and patterns of injury incurred in college competition were determined. A total of 175 head and neck injuries were sustained by 100 players over the 8 year period. Those players with abnormal findings on screening examination were twice as likely to have a head or neck injury at some point in their college careers as those players with a normal screening examination. The greater the degree of abnormality on freshman screening examination, the more severe the neck injury in college was likely to be. Twenty-nine percent of all players in the study group sustained a head or neck injury during their college careers. The probability of a subsequent head or neck injury escalated sharply following a single incident. The overall incidence of injury was found to have been dramatically reduced over the 8 years. Influential factors such as legislative rule changes, medical status of recruits, and general coaching philosophies are discussed with regard to injury reduction and prevention of head and neck injuries in college football.
本研究记录了一所院校342名大学橄榄球运动员在8年期间的头颈部损伤情况。对所有新生球员进行筛查，以确定是否有以下情况：（1）既往头颈部损伤史；（2）体格检查和X光片显示的颈椎异常。通过记录所有头部损伤以及导致误工的颈部损伤，确定了大学比赛中损伤的发生率和模式。在8年期间，100名球员共遭受了175次头颈部损伤。筛查检查结果异常的球员在其大学生涯中某个时候发生头颈部损伤的可能性是筛查检查结果正常的球员的两倍。新生筛查检查中异常程度越高，大学期间颈部损伤可能越严重。研究组中29%的球员在其大学生涯中遭受过头颈部损伤。单次受伤后，后续发生头颈部损伤的可能性急剧上升。研究发现，8年期间损伤的总体发生率大幅降低。讨论了诸如立法规则变化、新兵医疗状况和一般教练理念等影响因素对减少和预防大学橄榄球头颈部损伤的作用。
