Tang Ziqi, Li Ruoxi, Guo Xi, Wang Zhongyu, Wu Jianping
School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China.
Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
Eur J Pharmacol. 2025 Jun 5;996:177553. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2025.177553. Epub 2025 Mar 25.
Stroke is the second leading cause of death from cardiovascular diseases. Brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) are crucial in the treatment of cerebral ischemic stroke, as their functional status directly affects the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). This review systematically discusses the central role of BMECs in ischemia. The mitochondrial dysfunction and activation of apoptosis/necrosis pathways in BMECs directly disrupt the integrity of the BBB and the degradation of junctional complexes (such as TJs and AJs) further exacerbates its permeability. In the neurovascular unit (NVU), astrocytes, microglia, and pericytes regulate the function of BMECs by secreting cytokines (such as TGF-β and VEGF), showing dual effects of promoting repair and damage. The dynamic changes of transporters, including those from the ATP-binding cassette and solute carrier families, as well as ion channels and exchangers, such as potassium and calcium channels, offer novel insights for the development of targeted drug delivery systems.
中风是心血管疾病导致死亡的第二大主要原因。脑微血管内皮细胞（BMECs）在脑缺血性中风的治疗中至关重要，因为它们的功能状态直接影响血脑屏障（BBB）的完整性。本综述系统地讨论了BMECs在缺血中的核心作用。BMECs中的线粒体功能障碍以及凋亡/坏死途径的激活直接破坏了血脑屏障的完整性，而连接复合体（如紧密连接和黏附连接）的降解进一步加剧了其通透性。在神经血管单元（NVU）中，星形胶质细胞、小胶质细胞和周细胞通过分泌细胞因子（如转化生长因子-β和血管内皮生长因子）来调节BMECs的功能，显示出促进修复和造成损伤的双重作用。转运体的动态变化，包括来自ATP结合盒和溶质载体家族的转运体，以及离子通道和交换体，如钾通道和钙通道，为靶向药物递送系统的开发提供了新的见解。
