一项针对患有和未患有注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的个体的睡眠特征及其变异性的为期10周的远程监测研究。
A 10-week remote monitoring study of sleep features and their variability in individuals with and without ADHD.
作者信息
Denyer Hayley, Carr Ewan, Deng Qigang, Asherson Philip, Bilbow Andrea, Folarin Amos, Groom Madeleine J, Hollis Chris, Sankesara Heet, Dobson Richard Jb, Kuntsi Jonna
机构信息
Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK.
The Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
出版信息
BMC Psychiatry. 2025 Mar 27;25(1):294. doi: 10.1186/s12888-025-06729-z.
BACKGROUND
People with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often report disturbed sleep, as well as co-occurring symptoms of anxiety and depression. Yet studies employing objective assessments often do not show as many sleep disturbances compared to subjective measures. These discrepancies may relate to subjective reports capturing problematic nights, which may not be captured in a single night's sleep or by averaging objective measurements over several nights. Given that variability in behaviours is in general strongly linked to ADHD, individuals with ADHD could have greater sleep variability than individuals without ADHD. Using active and passive remote monitoring, we investigate differences in the level and variability of daily sleep behaviours between individuals with and without ADHD and explore if sleep is associated with changes in anxiety and depressive symptoms across a 10-week remote monitoring period.
METHODS
Forty individuals (20 with ADHD, 20 without) took part in a 10-week remote monitoring study. Active monitoring involved participants completing questionnaires on ADHD and co-occurring psychiatric symptoms at weeks 2, 6 and 10. Passive monitoring involved participants wearing a wearable device (Fitbit) that measured sleep each night.
RESULTS
Individuals with and without ADHD were similar in the levels of sleep recorded each night. However, compared to those without ADHD, participants with ADHD had more variable sleep duration, sleep onset and offset, and sleep efficiency over 10 weeks. Within-individual associations of co-occurring anxiety and depressive symptoms with the sleep features were non-significant.
CONCLUSIONS
In a 10-week remote monitoring study of sleep using a wearable device, we show that what distinguishes individuals with ADHD from those without is their greater variability in sleep features: participants with ADHD had a more variable sleep duration, sleep onset and offset, and sleep efficiency. Inconsistency and high variability are hallmarks of ADHD, and we show that this characteristic extends also to sleep among adolescents and adults with ADHD.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
Clinical trial number: not applicable.
背景
注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）患者常报告睡眠障碍，以及焦虑和抑郁的并发症状。然而，与主观测量相比，采用客观评估的研究往往未显示出同样多的睡眠障碍。这些差异可能与主观报告捕捉到的问题夜晚有关，而这些问题夜晚可能无法在一晚的睡眠中或通过对几个夜晚的客观测量进行平均来捕捉。鉴于行为的变异性一般与ADHD密切相关，ADHD患者的睡眠变异性可能比非ADHD患者更大。我们使用主动和被动远程监测，调查ADHD患者和非ADHD患者之间日常睡眠行为水平和变异性的差异，并探讨在为期10周的远程监测期间，睡眠是否与焦虑和抑郁症状的变化相关。
方法
40名个体（20名ADHD患者，20名非ADHD患者）参与了一项为期10周的远程监测研究。主动监测包括参与者在第2周、第6周和第10周完成关于ADHD和并发精神症状的问卷。被动监测包括参与者佩戴一个可穿戴设备（Fitbit），该设备每晚测量睡眠情况。
结果
ADHD患者和非ADHD患者每晚记录的睡眠水平相似。然而，与非ADHD患者相比，ADHD患者在10周内的睡眠时间、入睡和起床时间以及睡眠效率的变异性更大。并发的焦虑和抑郁症状与睡眠特征的个体内关联不显著。
结论
在一项使用可穿戴设备对睡眠进行为期10周的远程监测研究中，我们发现ADHD患者与非ADHD患者的区别在于他们睡眠特征的变异性更大：ADHD患者的睡眠时间、入睡和起床时间以及睡眠效率的变异性更大。不一致性和高变异性是ADHD的特征，我们表明这一特征也延伸到患有ADHD的青少年和成年人的睡眠中。
试验注册
临床试验编号：不适用。
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