Prochaska Jakob, Reitner Heinz, Benold Christian, Stadtschnitzer Alfred, Choijilsuren Buyantogtokh, Sofka Dmitrij, Hilbert Friederike, Pacífico Cátia
Centre of Food Science and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
Department of Mineral Resources and Geoenergy, Geosphere Austria, 1030 Vienna, Austria.
Antibiotics (Basel). 2025 Mar 4;14(3):262. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics14030262.
Microbiomes surrounding mining sites have been found to harbor both antibiotic resistance genes and metal resistance genes. Within the "One Health" framework, which spans human, veterinary and environmental health, it is crucial to determine whether bacterial metal resistance (MR) genes can independently trigger antimicrobial resistance (AMR) or if they are linked to AMR genes and co-transferred horizontally. : Bacteria were isolated from an active and an inactive mining site in the alpine region of Austria. Most of the isolated bacteria harbored antimicrobial and metal resistance genes (88%). MALDI-TOF and whole genome sequencing (WGS) revealed that species from the family were the most identified, accounting for 32.5%. All spp. carried AMR genes from the family, which encode multidrug efflux pumps. β-lactamase production encoded by genes were detected as the second most common (26%). The same AMR genes have often been detected within a particular bacterial genus. No tetracycline resistance gene has been identified. Among metal resistance genes, (tellurium resistance) was the most prevalent (33%), followed by (selenium resistance, 30%), (copper resistance, 26%), and (magnesium and cobalt resistance, 26%). Notably, the gene family (mercury resistance) was found exclusively in isolates from the inactive mining site ( = 6). In addition, genes associated with both antimicrobial and metal resistance, including , , and the operon, were identified in 19 out of the 43 isolates. : Bacteria isolated from mine water harbored both MR and AMR genes. Given the exceptional diversity of bacterial species in these settings, 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis is the recommended method for accurate species identification. Moreover, the presence of multi-drug transporters and transferable resistance genes against critically important antimicrobials such as fluoroquinolones and colistin identified in these environmental bacteria emphasizes the importance of retrieving environmental data within the "One Health" framework.
人们发现，矿区周围的微生物群落中既含有抗生素抗性基因，也含有金属抗性基因。在涵盖人类、兽医和环境卫生的“同一健康”框架内，确定细菌金属抗性（MR）基因是否能独立引发抗菌药物抗性（AMR），或者它们是否与AMR基因相关并通过水平转移共同传播，这至关重要。：从奥地利高山地区的一个活跃矿区和一个废弃矿区分离出细菌。大多数分离出的细菌都含有抗菌和金属抗性基因（88%）。基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱（MALDI-TOF）和全基因组测序（WGS）显示，肠杆菌科的物种是最常鉴定出的，占32.5%。所有肠杆菌科物种都携带了来自该科的AMR基因，这些基因编码多药外排泵。由bla基因编码的β-内酰胺酶产生被检测为第二常见（26%）。相同的AMR基因经常在特定细菌属中被检测到。未鉴定出四环素抗性基因。在金属抗性基因中，ter（碲抗性）最为普遍（33%），其次是sel（硒抗性，30%）、cop（铜抗性，26%）和mco（镁和钴抗性，26%）。值得注意的是，mer基因家族（汞抗性）仅在废弃矿区的分离株中发现（n = 6）。此外，在43株分离株中的19株中鉴定出了与抗菌和金属抗性相关的基因簇，包括mer、sul和tcr操纵子。：从矿井水中分离出的细菌同时含有MR和AMR基因。鉴于这些环境中细菌物种的异常多样性，16S rRNA基因序列分析是准确鉴定物种的推荐方法。此外，在这些环境细菌中鉴定出的多药转运蛋白以及对氟喹诺酮和粘菌素等极其重要的抗菌药物的可转移抗性基因的存在，强调了在“同一健康”框架内获取环境数据的重要性。
