Hernández Marta, Falcó-Prieto Álvaro, Ugarte-Ruiz Maria, Miguela-Villoldo Pedro, Ocampo-Sosa Alain, Abad David, Pérez-Sancho Marta, Álvarez Julio, Cadamuro Rafael Dorighello, Elois Mariana Alves, Fongaro Gislaine, Quesada Alberto, González-Zorn Bruno, Domínguez Lucas, Eiros José M, Rodríguez-Lázaro David
Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain.
VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Antibiotics (Basel). 2025 Mar 8;14(3):281. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics14030281.
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a significant threat to global health and the economy, with projected costs ranging from $300 billion to $1 trillion annually and an estimated 10 million deaths per year by 2050. The food chain, from primary production to retail, represents a critical entry point for antimicrobial resistant bacteria into communities. This underscores the need for a coordinated "One Health" approach, integrating efforts in animal production, environmental health, and human healthcare to address this global concern. This study aimed to characterize the global resistome in Spanish primary production by sequencing 6222 bacterial genomes from animal origin. Whole genome sequencing was performed on bacterial isolates collected from various farms and analyzed using a validated bioinformatic pipeline. The analysis revealed a diverse range of bacterial species, with being the most prevalent family. was the most common species, followed by and . This study identified 1072 antimicrobial resistance genes coding for 43 different classes of resistance, potentially conferring resistance to 81 antimicrobials. Additionally, 79 different plasmid types were detected, highlighting the potential for horizontal gene transfer. The resistome analysis revealed genes conferring resistance to various antibiotic classes, as well as antiseptics, disinfectants, and efflux pump-mediated resistance. This comprehensive characterization of AMR genes circulating in bacteria from primary production provides crucial insights into the ecology of AMR in Spanish livestock.
抗菌药物耐药性（AMR）对全球健康和经济构成重大威胁，预计每年成本在3000亿美元至1万亿美元之间，到2050年估计每年有1000万人死亡。从初级生产到零售的食物链是抗菌药物耐药菌进入社区的关键切入点。这凸显了采取协调一致的“同一健康”方法的必要性，整合动物生产、环境卫生和人类医疗保健方面的努力，以应对这一全球关切问题。本研究旨在通过对6222个动物源细菌基因组进行测序，来描述西班牙初级生产中的全球耐药基因组。对从各个农场收集的细菌分离株进行全基因组测序，并使用经过验证的生物信息学流程进行分析。分析揭示了多种细菌物种，其中 是最普遍的菌科。 是最常见的物种，其次是 和 。本研究鉴定出1072个编码43种不同耐药类别的抗菌药物耐药基因，可能对81种抗菌药物产生耐药性。此外，检测到79种不同的质粒类型，突出了水平基因转移的可能性。耐药基因组分析揭示了对各种抗生素类别以及防腐剂、消毒剂和外排泵介导的耐药性的耐药基因。对初级生产中细菌中循环的AMR基因的这种全面表征为西班牙牲畜中AMR的生态学提供了关键见解。
