Villagrán-Silva Francisca, Loren Pía, Sandoval Cristian, Lanas Fernando, Salazar Luis A
Doctoral Program in Morphological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile.
Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile.
Genes (Basel). 2025 Mar 17;16(3):349. doi: 10.3390/genes16030349.
In an obesogenic environment, such as the one we have been experiencing in recent decades, epigenetics provides answers to the relationship between hereditary and environmentally acquired patterns that have significantly contributed to the global rise in obesity prevalence. MicroRNA (miRNA) constitutes a diminutive non-coding small RNA molecule, 20 to 24 nucleotides in length, that functions as a regulator of gene regulation at the post-translational level. Circulating miRNAs (c-miRNAs) have been detected in multiple body fluids, including blood, plasma, serum, saliva, milk from breastfeeding mothers, and urine. These molecules hold significant therapeutic value and serve as extracellular biomarkers in metabolic diseases. They aid in the diagnosis and tracking of therapy responses, as well as dietary and physical habit modifications. Researchers have studied c-miRNAs as potential biomarkers for diagnosing and characterizing systemic diseases in people of all ages and backgrounds since then. These conditions encompass dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), cardiovascular risk, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular diseases, and obesity. This review therefore analyzes the usefulness of c-miRNAs as therapeutic markers over the past decades. It also provides an update on c-miRNAs associated with general obesity and overweight, as well as with the most prevalent pathologies in the adult population. It also examines the effect of different nutritional approaches and physical activity regarding the activity of miRNAs in circulation in adults with overweight or general obesity. All of this is done with the aim of evaluating their potential use as biomarkers in various research contexts related to overweight and obesity in adults.
在致肥胖环境中，比如我们近几十年来一直经历的这种环境，表观遗传学为遗传模式与环境获得性模式之间的关系提供了答案，而这些模式对全球肥胖患病率的上升起到了显著作用。微小RNA（miRNA）是一种长度为20到24个核苷酸的微小非编码小RNA分子，在翻译后水平上作为基因调控的调节因子发挥作用。循环miRNA（c-miRNA）已在多种体液中被检测到，包括血液、血浆、血清、唾液、哺乳期母亲的乳汁以及尿液。这些分子具有重要的治疗价值，并作为代谢性疾病的细胞外生物标志物。它们有助于诊断和跟踪治疗反应，以及饮食和生活习惯的改变。从那时起，研究人员就将c-miRNA作为潜在的生物标志物来诊断和表征所有年龄和背景人群的全身性疾病。这些疾病包括血脂异常、2型糖尿病（T2DM）、心血管风险、代谢综合征、心血管疾病和肥胖症。因此，本综述分析了过去几十年来c-miRNA作为治疗标志物的有用性。它还提供了与一般肥胖和超重以及成年人群中最常见疾病相关的c-miRNA的最新信息。它还研究了不同营养方法和体育活动对超重或一般肥胖成年人循环中miRNA活性的影响。所有这些都是为了评估它们在与成年人超重和肥胖相关的各种研究背景中作为生物标志物的潜在用途。
