Duan Yantao, Xu Yonghu, Dou Yi, Xu Dazhi
Department of Gastric Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.
Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
J Hematol Oncol. 2025 Jan 23;18(1):10. doi: 10.1186/s13045-024-01654-2.
Gastric cancer remains a significant global health challenge, with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) recognized as a major etiological agent, affecting an estimated 50% of the world's population. There has been a rapidly expanding knowledge of the molecular and pathogenetic mechanisms of H. pylori over the decades. This review summarizes the latest research advances to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the H. pylori infection in gastric carcinogenesis. Our investigation of the molecular mechanisms reveals a complex network involving STAT3, NF-κB, Hippo, and Wnt/β-catenin pathways, which are dysregulated in gastric cancer caused by H. pylori. Furthermore, we highlight the role of H. pylori in inducing oxidative stress, DNA damage, chronic inflammation, and cell apoptosis-key cellular events that pave the way for carcinogenesis. Emerging evidence also suggests the effect of H. pylori on the tumor microenvironment and its possible implications for cancer immunotherapy. This review synthesizes the current knowledge and identifies gaps that warrant further investigation. Despite the progress in our previous knowledge of the development in H. pylori-induced gastric cancer, a comprehensive investigation of H. pylori's role in gastric cancer is crucial for the advancement of prevention and treatment strategies. By elucidating these mechanisms, we aim to provide a more in-depth insights for the study and prevention of H. pylori-related gastric cancer.
胃癌仍然是一项重大的全球健康挑战，幽门螺杆菌（H. pylori）被认为是主要的致病因素，估计影响全球50%的人口。在过去几十年里，人们对幽门螺杆菌的分子和致病机制的认识迅速扩展。本综述总结了最新的研究进展，以阐明幽门螺杆菌感染在胃癌发生中的分子机制。我们对分子机制的研究揭示了一个复杂的网络，涉及信号转导和转录激活因子3（STAT3）、核因子κB（NF-κB）、河马（Hippo）和Wnt/β-连环蛋白途径，这些途径在幽门螺杆菌引起的胃癌中失调。此外，我们强调了幽门螺杆菌在诱导氧化应激、DNA损伤、慢性炎症和细胞凋亡（这些关键的细胞事件为癌症发生铺平了道路）方面的作用。新出现的证据还表明了幽门螺杆菌对肿瘤微环境的影响及其对癌症免疫治疗的潜在意义。本综述综合了当前的知识，并确定了需要进一步研究的空白。尽管我们之前对幽门螺杆菌诱导的胃癌发展的认识取得了进展，但全面研究幽门螺杆菌在胃癌中的作用对于预防和治疗策略的推进至关重要。通过阐明这些机制，我们旨在为幽门螺杆菌相关胃癌的研究和预防提供更深入的见解。
