Rroji Merita, Spahia Nereida, Figurek Andreja, Spasovski Goce
Department of Nephrology, University of Medicine Tirana, 1001 Tirana, Albania.
Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Center Mother Tereza, 1001 Tirana, Albania.
Biomedicines. 2025 Mar 17;13(3):728. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines13030728.
Atherosclerosis is a closely related complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), driven by endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and oxidative stress. The progression of atherosclerosis is accelerated by hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and hyperlipidemia. Novel antidiabetic agents, SGLT2 inhibitors, and GLP-1 agonists improve glycemic control and offer cardiovascular protection, reducing the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) and heart failure hospitalization. These agents, along with nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (nsMRAs), promise to mitigate metabolic disorders and their impact on endothelial function, oxidative stress, and inflammation. This review explores the potential molecular mechanisms through which these drugs may prevent the development of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD), supported by a summary of preclinical and clinical evidence.
动脉粥样硬化是糖尿病（DM）的一种密切相关并发症，由内皮功能障碍、炎症和氧化应激驱动。高血糖、胰岛素抵抗和高脂血症会加速动脉粥样硬化的进展。新型抗糖尿病药物、钠-葡萄糖协同转运蛋白2（SGLT2）抑制剂和胰高血糖素样肽-1（GLP-1）激动剂可改善血糖控制并提供心血管保护，降低主要不良心血管事件（MACE）和心力衰竭住院风险。这些药物与非甾体类盐皮质激素受体拮抗剂（nsMRA）有望减轻代谢紊乱及其对内皮功能、氧化应激和炎症的影响。本综述探讨了这些药物预防动脉粥样硬化和心血管疾病（CVD）发生的潜在分子机制，并总结了临床前和临床证据。
