Eagle Shawn R, Kontos Anthony P, Flanagan Shawn D, Connaboy Christopher
Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
Brain Sci. 2025 Feb 22;15(3):229. doi: 10.3390/brainsci15030229.
: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between risk-taking behaviors, vestibular symptoms/impairment and perception-action coupling behavior in recently concussed adolescents. : This study utilized a cross-sectional design to evaluate the early effects of concussion on 12-18-year-old adolescents (n = 47) recruited from a concussion specialty clinic at their presenting clinical appointment. The Perception-Action Coupling Task (PACT) was used to assess action boundary perception by evaluating the participant's ability to quickly and accurately determine whether a virtual "ball" fits in a virtual "hole". Accuracy, response time and inverse efficiency were evaluated at the 0.8 and 1.2 ratios of ball-hole pairings, where 0.8 indicates the ball was slightly smaller than the hole and 1.2 indicates the ball was slightly larger than the hole. The Balloon Analog Risk Task (BART) is a computerized test which measures risk-taking behavior by "pumping" up a balloon. Each pump provides a small amount of virtual money into their bank; the goal is to make as much money as possible without popping the virtual balloon. The Vestibular Ocular Motor Screening (VOMS) tool is a brief screening tool designed to identify ocular or vestibular dysfunction following sport-related concussion, where horizontal/vertical vestibular ocular reflex (VOR) and visual motion sensitivity (VMS) are the primary vestibular outcomes. Pearson correlation matrices were developed to evaluate the association between BART, VOMS and PACT outcomes within the study cohort of concussed adolescents. : PACT inverse efficiency at the 1.2 ball-hole ratio was significantly correlated with all three VOMS outcomes (r = 0.33-0.37). The standard deviation of pump reaction time during BART was significantly correlated with accuracy (r = -0.47) and inverse efficiency (r = 0.42) at the 1.2 ratio. The standard deviation of the total number of pumps during BART was significantly correlated with PACT response time at the 1.2 ratio (r = 0.34). Horizontal VOR correlated with balloons collected (r = -0.30) and balloons popped (r = -0.30). : The results of this study suggest that risk-taking behaviors and vestibular symptoms/impairment are associated with worse action boundary perception in adolescents following concussion. This relationship is more pronounced in male adolescents than females.
本研究的目的是评估近期脑震荡青少年的冒险行为、前庭症状/损伤与感知-行动耦合行为之间的关联。本研究采用横断面设计，以评估脑震荡对从脑震荡专科诊所招募的12至18岁青少年（n = 47）在其就诊时的早期影响。感知-行动耦合任务（PACT）用于通过评估参与者快速准确判断虚拟“球”是否能放入虚拟“洞”的能力来评估行动边界感知。在球与洞配对比例为0.8和1.2时评估准确性、反应时间和反向效率，其中0.8表示球略小于洞，1.2表示球略大于洞。气球模拟风险任务（BART）是一种计算机化测试，通过“充气”气球来测量冒险行为。每次充气会向他们的银行账户存入少量虚拟货币；目标是在不使虚拟气球破裂的情况下赚取尽可能多的钱。前庭眼动筛查（VOMS）工具是一种简短的筛查工具，旨在识别与运动相关的脑震荡后的眼或前庭功能障碍，其中水平/垂直前庭眼反射（VOR）和视觉运动敏感性（VMS）是主要的前庭结果。构建了Pearson相关矩阵以评估脑震荡青少年研究队列中BART、VOMS和PACT结果之间的关联。在球与洞比例为1.2时，PACT反向效率与所有三个VOMS结果显著相关（r = 0.33 - 0.37）。在比例为1.2时，BART期间充气反应时间的标准差与准确性（r = -0.47）和反向效率（r = 0.42）显著相关。在比例为1.2时，BART期间充气总数的标准差与PACT反应时间显著相关（r = 0.34）。水平VOR与收集的气球数量（r = -0.30）和破裂的气球数量（r = -0.30）相关。本研究结果表明，冒险行为和前庭症状/损伤与脑震荡后青少年更差的行动边界感知相关。这种关系在男性青少年中比女性更明显。
