Kearney Joshua, Brittain John-Stuart
School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
Brain Sci. 2021 Apr 30;11(5):580. doi: 10.3390/brainsci11050580.
People with Parkinson's disease (PD) experience motor symptoms that are affected by sensory information in the environment. Sensory attenuation describes the modulation of sensory input caused by motor intent. This appears to be altered in PD and may index important sensorimotor processes underpinning PD symptoms. We review recent findings investigating sensory attenuation and reconcile seemingly disparate results with an emphasis on task-relevance in the modulation of sensory input. Sensory attenuation paradigms, across different sensory modalities, capture how two identical stimuli can elicit markedly different perceptual experiences depending on our predictions of the event, but also the context in which the event occurs. In particular, it appears as though contextual information may be used to suppress or facilitate a response to a stimulus on the basis of task-relevance. We support this viewpoint by considering the role of the basal ganglia in task-relevant sensory filtering and the use of contextual signals in complex environments to shape action and perception. This perspective highlights the dual effect of basal ganglia dysfunction in PD, whereby a reduced capacity to filter task-relevant signals harms the ability to integrate contextual cues, just when such cues are required to effectively navigate and interact with our environment. Finally, we suggest how this framework might be used to establish principles for effective rehabilitation in the treatment of PD.
帕金森病（PD）患者会出现受环境中感觉信息影响的运动症状。感觉衰减描述了由运动意图引起的感觉输入调制。这在帕金森病中似乎发生了改变，并且可能反映了帕金森病症状背后重要的感觉运动过程。我们回顾了最近关于感觉衰减的研究结果，并协调了看似不同的结果，重点关注感觉输入调制中的任务相关性。不同感觉模态的感觉衰减范式揭示了两个相同的刺激如何根据我们对事件的预测以及事件发生的背景引发明显不同的感知体验。特别是，似乎上下文信息可用于根据任务相关性抑制或促进对刺激的反应。我们通过考虑基底神经节在与任务相关的感觉过滤中的作用以及在复杂环境中使用上下文信号来塑造动作和感知来支持这一观点。这一观点突出了帕金森病中基底神经节功能障碍的双重影响，即当需要这些线索来有效在环境中导航和互动时，过滤与任务相关信号的能力下降会损害整合上下文线索的能力。最后，我们提出了这个框架如何用于建立帕金森病治疗中有效康复原则的建议。
