Gyetvai Beatrix M, Vadasz Csaba
Laboratory of Neurobehavior Genetics, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, 140 Old Orangeburg Rd., Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA.
Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA.
Biomolecules. 2025 Mar 8;15(3):392. doi: 10.3390/biom15030392.
Natural gene variants of metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 7 (), coding for mGluR7, affect individuals' alcohol-drinking preference. Psychopharmacological investigations have suggested that mGluR7 is also involved in responses to cocaine, morphine, and nicotine exposures. We review the pleiotropic effects of and the principle of recombinant quantitative trait locus introgression (RQI), which led to the discovery of the first mammalian quantitative gene accounting for alcohol-drinking preference. / can play important roles in mammalian ontogenesis, brain development, and predisposition to addiction. It is also involved in other behavioral phenotypes, including emotion, stress, motivated cognition, defensive behavior, and pain-related symptoms. This review identified pleiotropy and the modulation of neurobehavioral processes by variations in the gene /. Patterns of pleiotropic genes can form oligogenic architectures whosecombined additive and interaction effects can significantly predispose individuals to the expressions of disorders. Identifying and characterizing pleiotropic genes are necessary for understanding the expressions of complex traits. This requires tasks, such as discovering and identifying novel genetic elements of the genetic architecture, which are unsuitable for AI but require classical experimental genetics.
代谢型谷氨酸受体7（mGluR7）的天然基因变体编码mGluR7，会影响个体对酒精的饮用偏好。心理药理学研究表明，mGluR7也参与对可卡因、吗啡和尼古丁暴露的反应。我们回顾了mGluR7的多效性作用以及重组数量性状基因座渗入（RQI）的原理，这导致了首个解释酒精饮用偏好的哺乳动物数量基因的发现。mGluR7在哺乳动物个体发育、大脑发育以及成瘾易感性方面可发挥重要作用。它还涉及其他行为表型，包括情绪、应激、动机性认知、防御行为以及疼痛相关症状。本综述确定了mGluR7基因变异的多效性以及对神经行为过程的调节作用。多效性基因的模式可形成寡基因结构，其综合的加性和相互作用效应可显著使个体易患疾病的表达。识别和表征多效性基因对于理解复杂性状的表达是必要的。这需要诸如发现和识别遗传结构的新型遗传元件等任务，这些任务不适合人工智能，而需要经典实验遗传学。
