Maulide Cane Réka, Muhumuza Kananura Rornald, Wasswa Ronald, Gonçalves Maria Patrícia, Varandas Luís, Craveiro Isabel
Instituto Nacional de Saúde (INS), Ministério da Saúde (MISAU), Estrada Nacional EN1, Bairro da Vila-Parcela No 3943, Distrito de Marracuene, Marracuene 264, Província de Maputo, Mozambique.
Unidade de Ensino e Investigação de Saúde Pública Global, Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Associate Laboratory in Translation and Innovation Towards Global Health (LA-REAL), Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade Nova de Lisboa (UNL), Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal.
Healthcare (Basel). 2025 Mar 14;13(6):635. doi: 10.3390/healthcare13060635.
: Anemia adversely affects children's cognitive and motor development and remains a global public health problem. This study aimed to identify the individual, feeding, household, and community determinants of anemia among children in Mozambique. We used pooled datasets of two Mozambique representative population-based surveys: the 2011 and 2022-2023 Demographic and Health Surveys. A total sample of 8143 children aged 6-59 months with available hemoglobin testing was included. Multilevel mixed-effects analysis was performed using STATA (18.0). Over a decade, the prevalence of anemia in children aged 6-59 months remained high, increasing slightly from 69.1% in 2011 to 72.9% in 2022. Children aged 6-11 months were less likely to have anemia than children from other age groups (aOR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.62-0.96). Children who suffered from illnesses (aOR = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.18-1.75), received vitamin A supplements (aOR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.63-0.93), lived in female-headed households (aOR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.01-1.32), and who lived in households with unimproved drinking water sources (aOR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.19-1.65) were more likely to have anemia than their peers. Overall, 16% of the variability in anemia prevalence was attributed to differences between clusters (ICC = 0.16). Childhood anemia remains a critical public health challenge in Mozambique, with prevalence rates exceeding the average for sub-Saharan Africa. Multisectoral approaches to enhance essential supplies' provision and the primary healthcare monitoring of children at risk favored more investments in rural development and sustainable agriculture, water sanitation, and social care and gender-sensitive work policies that can help tackle childhood anemia.
贫血对儿童的认知和运动发育产生不利影响，并且仍然是一个全球公共卫生问题。本研究旨在确定莫桑比克儿童贫血的个体、喂养、家庭和社区决定因素。我们使用了莫桑比克两项具有代表性的基于人群的调查的汇总数据集：2011年和2022 - 2023年的人口与健康调查。纳入了总共8143名年龄在6 - 59个月且有血红蛋白检测结果的儿童。使用STATA（18.0）进行多水平混合效应分析。在十多年间，6 - 59个月儿童的贫血患病率仍然很高，从2011年的69.1%略有上升至2022年的72.9%。6 - 11个月的儿童患贫血的可能性低于其他年龄组的儿童（调整后比值比 = 0.77，95%置信区间 = 0.62 - 0.96）。患有疾病的儿童（调整后比值比 = 1.44，95%置信区间 = 1.18 - 1.75）、接受维生素A补充剂的儿童（调整后比值比 = 0.76，95%置信区间 = 0.63 - 0.93）、生活在女性为户主家庭的儿童（调整后比值比 = 1.16，95%置信区间 = 1.01 - 1.32）以及生活在饮用水源未改善家庭的儿童（调整后比值比 = 1.40，95%置信区间 = 1.19 - 1.65）比同龄人更易患贫血。总体而言，贫血患病率16%的变异性归因于各群组之间的差异（组内相关系数 = 0.16）。儿童贫血在莫桑比克仍然是一项严峻的公共卫生挑战，患病率超过撒哈拉以南非洲的平均水平。采取多部门方法来加强基本物资供应以及对高危儿童的初级医疗保健监测，有利于加大对农村发展、可持续农业、水环境卫生以及社会关怀和对性别敏感的工作政策的投资，这些有助于应对儿童贫血问题。
