Vallejos Daniela, Coll Irene, López-Safont Nora
Facultad of Dentistry, University ADEMA School, 07009 Palma, Spain.
Health Group of University Institute for Research in Health Sciences (IUNICS), 07122 Palma, Spain.
Children (Basel). 2025 Mar 19;12(3):383. doi: 10.3390/children12030383.
: Habits such as a diet high in sugars and poor dental biofilm control are linked to a higher prevalence of caries and low socioeconomic status. This study aimed to analyze the nutrition habits of schoolchildren in Mallorca and their relationship with the presence of dental caries, depending on the type of school, geographic location, and parents' education level. A cross-sectional study was conducted to examine the prevalence of dental caries based on World Health Organization (WHO) standards and nutritional practices following guidelines from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). This study included 718 students from three age groups: first-year elementary students (ages 5-6), sixth-year elementary students (age 12), and fourth-year secondary school students (age 15). Relevant sociodemographic factors were also considered in the analysis. In schoolchildren aged 5-6 years, higher monthly consumption of processed and sugary foods, such as sweets (rural: 24.66 (CI 95%: 20.30-29.02); urban: 19.29 (CI 95%:16.27-22.304); = 0.044), was noted in schoolchildren from rural sectors compared to those residing in urban areas. At 15 years of age, there was a higher consumption of potato chips in public schools than in subsidized/private schools (public: 26.95 (CI 95%: 24.42-29.49); subsidized/private: 18.29 (CI 95%: 13.92-22.65) = 0.004). A high consumption of sweets is associated with an increased risk of caries (OR sweets: 1.76 CI: 1.04-2.98; = 0.035). Fewer students with mothers with a lower education level eat dinner (elementary: 75%; secondary 91%; higher: 98%; = 0.003). Higher consumption of sweets in rural areas and potato chips in public schools, along with the association between sweet consumption and caries risk, highlight how geographic location, school type, and parents' education level influence children's nutrition habits and caries.
高糖饮食和不良的牙菌斑控制等习惯与龋齿患病率较高以及社会经济地位较低有关。本研究旨在分析马略卡岛学童的营养习惯，以及根据学校类型、地理位置和父母教育水平，这些习惯与龋齿存在情况之间的关系。根据世界卫生组织（WHO）标准进行了一项横断面研究，以检查龋齿患病率，并按照联合国粮食及农业组织（FAO）和欧洲食品安全局（EFSA）的指南评估营养习惯。本研究纳入了来自三个年龄组的718名学生：小学一年级学生（5 - 6岁）、小学六年级学生（12岁）和中学四年级学生（15岁）。分析中还考虑了相关的社会人口统计学因素。在5 - 6岁的学童中，与城市地区的学童相比，农村地区的学童每月食用加工食品和甜食（如糖果）的量更高（农村：24.66（95%置信区间：20.30 - 29.02）；城市：19.29（95%置信区间：16.27 - 22.304）；P = 0.044）。在15岁时，公立学校学生食用薯片的量高于补贴/私立学校的学生（公立：26.95（95%置信区间：24.42 - 29.49）；补贴/私立：18.29（95%置信区间：13.92 - 22.65）；P = 0.004）。高糖食用量与龋齿风险增加相关（糖果的优势比：1.76；置信区间：1.04 - 2.98；P = 0.035）。母亲教育水平较低的学生中吃晚餐的人数较少（小学：75%；中学：91%；高等：98%；P = 0.003）。农村地区甜食食用量较高以及公立学校薯片食用量较高，再加上甜食食用与龋齿风险之间的关联，凸显了地理位置、学校类型和父母教育水平如何影响儿童的营养习惯和龋齿情况。
