Radu Ioana Andrada, Ognean Maria Livia, Ștef Laura, Giurgiu Doina Ileana, Cucerea Manuela, Gheonea Cristian
Doctoral School, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 200349 Craiova, Romania.
Faculty of Medicine, Lucian Blaga University, 550169 Sibiu, Romania.
Children (Basel). 2025 Mar 20;12(3):392. doi: 10.3390/children12030392.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Preterm infants represent a population group at increased risk for vitamin D deficiency (VDD) and for its negative impact on various outcomes like metabolic bone disease or rickets, respiratory complications like respiratory distress syndrome and the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, necrotizing enterocolitis, or retinopathy of prematurity.
Despite the growing interest in vitamin D research, there is still uncertainty regarding clear recommendations for each high-risk category of premature infants concerning the optimal dosage, optimal product, and timing for initiating vitamin D supplementation to prevent VDD.
An analysis of the literature suggests that early intervention for the optimal enteral supplementation of vitamin D is not only successful in achieving higher 25-hydroxi-vitamin D (25(OH)D) at one month but is also linked with improved outcomes.
The traditional concepts and current recommendations for assessing vitamin D status and optimal supplementation need to be revised. Since parenteral nutrition, fortified mothers' own milk, and special formula for preterm infants cannot provide adequate vitamin D levels, initiating oral supplementation soon after birth is essential to correct VDD in preterm infants.
背景/目的：早产儿是维生素D缺乏（VDD）风险增加的人群，维生素D缺乏会对多种结局产生负面影响，如代谢性骨病或佝偻病、呼吸窘迫综合征和支气管肺发育不良等呼吸并发症、坏死性小肠结肠炎或早产儿视网膜病变。
尽管对维生素D研究的兴趣日益增加，但对于预防VDD的最佳剂量、最佳产品以及开始补充维生素D的时机等方面，针对每个高危类别的早产儿仍缺乏明确的建议。
文献分析表明，早期进行最佳肠内维生素D补充干预不仅能成功使1月龄时的25-羟维生素D（25(OH)D）水平升高，还与改善结局相关。
评估维生素D状态和最佳补充的传统概念及当前建议需要修订。由于肠外营养、强化母乳和早产儿特殊配方奶无法提供足够的维生素D水平，出生后尽早开始口服补充对于纠正早产儿的VDD至关重要。
