Honda Trenton, Henry Trenton, Porucznik Christina A, Corlin Laura, Kirwa Kipruto, Alshawabkeh Akram, Cordero José F, Velez Vega Carmen M, Rosario Pabon Zaira Y, Meeker John D, Suh Helen
School of Clinical and Rehabilitation Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States of America.
Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America.
Environ Res Commun. 2025 Mar 1;7(3):031008. doi: 10.1088/2515-7620/adc0f1. Epub 2025 Mar 26.
Exposure to PM is associated with adverse birth outcomes and early development. Pregnancy is typically characterized by the production of several important hormones that impact aspects of maternal and fetal physiology, including progesterone, estriol, and corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH). No previous studies have examined PM associations in pregnant persons for CRH and estriol. We used linear mixed effects models to investigate associations between PM and pregnancy hormones in 1,041 pregnant persons ages 18-41 living in Puerto Rico between 2011 and 2020. Individual 3-, 7-, and 30-day moving average exposures were assigned from EPA data sources. Hormone levels were analyzed in blood collected at study visits at 16-20 and 20-24 weeks of gestation. Models were adjusted for demographics, socioeconomic status, and health behaviors. Mean participant exposures for 3-, 7-, and 30-day PM were 8.0 ± 5.9, 8.2 ± 5.3, and 8.1 ± 4.4 μg m. In base models, increased PM exposure was associated with lower levels of progesterone, CRH, and estriol. In adjusted models, 10 μg m increase in PM was associated with 11.2% (95% CI: 17.6, 4.3; p = 0.003) and 14.9% (95% CI: 23.4, 5.4; p = 0.004) lower CRH for 7-day and 30-day exposures. In cross-sectional models, the inverse CRH association was driven by the 20-24 week gestation period with a 12.4% reduction (95% CI: 21.8, 1.9; p = 0.022) for 7-day and 17.5% reduction (95% CI: 29.7, 3.0; p = 0.020) for 30-day exposure. Other investigated associations were null. In pregnant persons in Puerto Rico, we observed that elevated PM exposures were significantly associated with decrements in CRH, but not in other pregnancy-associated hormones. CRH may be an important pathway through which prenatal PM impacts normal pregnancy.
接触细颗粒物（PM）与不良出生结局和早期发育有关。妊娠的典型特征是产生几种影响母体和胎儿生理方面的重要激素，包括孕酮、雌三醇和促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素（CRH）。以前没有研究调查过孕妇中PM与CRH和雌三醇之间的关联。我们使用线性混合效应模型，调查了2011年至2020年期间居住在波多黎各的1041名年龄在18至41岁之间的孕妇中PM与妊娠激素之间的关联。从美国环境保护局（EPA）数据源分配了个体3天、7天和30天的移动平均暴露量。在妊娠16至20周和20至24周的研究访视时采集的血液中分析激素水平。模型针对人口统计学、社会经济地位和健康行为进行了调整。3天、7天和30天PM的平均参与者暴露量分别为8.0±5.9、8.2±5.3和8.1±4.4μg/m³。在基础模型中，PM暴露增加与孕酮、CRH和雌三醇水平降低有关。在调整后的模型中，PM每增加10μg/m³，7天和30天暴露的CRH分别降低11.2%（95%置信区间：17.6，4.3；p=0.003）和14.9%（95%置信区间：23.4，5.4；p=0.004）。在横断面模型中，CRH的反向关联在妊娠20至24周时最为明显，7天暴露时降低12.4%（95%置信区间：21.8，1.9；p=0.022），30天暴露时降低17.5%（95%置信区间：29.7，3.0；p=0.020）。其他调查的关联均无统计学意义。在波多黎各的孕妇中，我们观察到PM暴露升高与CRH降低显著相关，但与其他妊娠相关激素无关。CRH可能是产前PM影响正常妊娠的重要途径。
