New facts about hand control-kinaesthesia.

In the cases of major losses, kinaesthesia has to be evaluated in reconstructive arm and hand surgery if adequate functional results are to be obtained. Differing from earlier teaching, experimental work has shown that the dominating afferent receptor system for proprioception is located in the skin, not in joints or in the musculotendineous system. This fact must be taken in account in planning surgery as well as in the following (re-)education and training.