Yan Qi, Yan Qingshang, Shen Henry, Wang Tong
Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Physiol Rep. 2025 Apr;13(7):e70295. doi: 10.14814/phy2.70295.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), a water-soluble homopolymer, has been widely used in food, beverage, medical, and experimental tissue preparations. However, the effect of PVP on renal functions remains unknown. We investigated the acute administration of low MW of PVP on renal functions and whether it produces a toxic effect on the kidney. Renal clearance experiments were performed in rats and showed PVP infusion elicited significant diuretic and natriuretic effects. Urine volume, absolute (ENa), and fractional (FENa) Na excretion were significantly increased. A relatively small kaliuretic effect was also observed. After 2 h of PVP infusion, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and urinary concentrations of beta-N-glucosaminidase (NAG) did not change significantly. Alpha-1-microglobulin, an indicator of proximal tubule absorption ability, excretion increased 12-fold, indicating that a large portion of the fluid and Na loss is due to reduced absorption in the proximal tubule. The 24-fold increase in ENa and the 12-fold increase in α1-microglobulin excretion suggest that fluid and electrolyte absorption were also reduced in other nephron segments. We conclude that acute low molecular weight PVP infusion produces diuretic and natriuretic effects due to the osmotically induced reduction of proximal tubular absorption, and acute PVP infusion does not cause renal damage.
聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）是一种水溶性均聚物，已广泛应用于食品、饮料、医学及实验组织制备中。然而，PVP对肾功能的影响尚不清楚。我们研究了低分子量PVP急性给药对肾功能的影响，以及它是否会对肾脏产生毒性作用。在大鼠身上进行了肾脏清除实验，结果显示输注PVP引发了显著的利尿和利钠作用。尿量、绝对（ENa）和分数（FENa）钠排泄量均显著增加。还观察到了相对较小的排钾作用。输注PVP 2小时后，血尿素氮（BUN）和尿中β-N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶（NAG）浓度没有显著变化。近端小管重吸收能力的指标α1-微球蛋白排泄增加了12倍，表明大部分液体和钠的丢失是由于近端小管重吸收减少所致。ENa增加24倍和α1-微球蛋白排泄增加12倍表明，其他肾单位节段的液体和电解质重吸收也减少了。我们得出结论，急性输注低分子量PVP由于渗透诱导的近端小管重吸收减少而产生利尿和利钠作用，且急性输注PVP不会导致肾损伤。
