Watanabe Tatsunori, Kuwabara Takayuki, Matsumoto Takuya, Yunoki Keisuke, Horinouchi Takayuki, Kirimoto Hikari
Graduate School of Health Sciences, Aomori University of Health and Welfare, Aomori, Japan; Department of Sensorimotor Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Waseda Institute for Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan.
Department of Sensorimotor Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Department of Rehabilitation, Uonuma Kikan Hospital, Minamiuonuma, Niigata, Japan.
Cortex. 2025 May;186:51-60. doi: 10.1016/j.cortex.2025.03.005. Epub 2025 Mar 21.
Visually guided movements are mediated by visuomotor networks involving multiple cortical areas. While processing in the occipital-parietal-premotor pathway is relatively well understood, the mechanisms by which motor-related frontal and prefrontal regions influence the primary motor cortex (M1), which controls the moving hand during visuomotor tasks, remain unclear. Using dual-site transcranial magnetic stimulation, here we investigated interhemispheric influences from the right M1, dorsal premotor cortex (PMd), ventral premotor cortex (PMv), supplementary motor area (SMA), and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) on the left M1 during a visuomotor force control task with the right hand, examining how these influences change with enhanced visuomotor performance. Performance (i.e., amount of error) was manipulated by adjusting the visual gain of force feedback. Higher visual gain increases sensitivity to visual feedback, amplifying small force variations and improving error correction, which in turn reduces performance error. Performance enhancement was accompanied by a reduction in the facilitatory influence of the PMv on the contralateral M1. The M1 and DLPFC exerted an inhibitory influence on the contralateral M1 regardless of performance level. The PMd and SMA exerted neither facilitatory nor inhibitory influence on the contralateral M1. These findings suggest distinct modulation patterns of the M1 by different frontal cortical areas and underscore the critical importance of the PMv-M1 interaction in ensuring fine motor precision during visuomotor tasks.
视觉引导的运动由涉及多个皮质区域的视觉运动网络介导。虽然枕叶 - 顶叶 - 运动前区通路中的处理过程相对较为清楚，但在视觉运动任务中，与运动相关的额叶和前额叶区域影响控制手部运动的初级运动皮层（M1）的机制仍不清楚。在此，我们使用双部位经颅磁刺激，研究了在右手进行视觉运动力控制任务期间，右侧M1、背侧运动前皮层（PMd）、腹侧运动前皮层（PMv）、辅助运动区（SMA）和背外侧前额叶皮层（DLPFC）对左侧M1的半球间影响，考察这些影响如何随着视觉运动表现的提高而变化。通过调整力反馈的视觉增益来操纵表现（即误差量）。更高的视觉增益会增加对视觉反馈的敏感性，放大微小的力变化并改善误差校正，进而减少表现误差。表现的提高伴随着PMv对同侧M1促进性影响的降低。无论表现水平如何，M1和DLPFC对同侧M1均施加抑制性影响。PMd和SMA对同侧M1既不施加促进性影响也不施加抑制性影响。这些发现表明不同额叶皮质区域对M1具有不同的调节模式，并强调了PMv - M1相互作用在确保视觉运动任务期间精细运动精度方面的关键重要性。
