Tiruneh Yordanos M, Choi Jihye, Cuccaro Paula M, Martinez Journey, Xie Jing, Owens Mark, Yamal Jose-Miguel
Department of Preventive Medicine and Population Health, School of Medicine, The University of Texas at Tyler Health Science Center, Tyler, TX 75708, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
Center for Health Promotion and Prevention Research, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Vaccine. 2025 Apr 30;54:127048. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127048. Epub 2025 Mar 28.
To control COVID-19 mutations and prevent further spread, periodic revaccination is essential. Despite the substantial evidence supporting vaccine efficacy, hesitancy towards COVID-19 booster doses persists.
We examined factors associated with the booster vaccine uptake and the intention to receive a booster among fully vaccinated adults in Texas (N = 14,543), using a weighted telephone survey in 2022. We employed multiple logistic regression with Lasso-selected variables to identify sociodemographic, geographic, and health-related predictors of booster uptake and intentions.
Of the respondents, 9989 (70 %) respondents reported having received a booster dose. Booster uptake was higher among older (65 years and older), White, publicly insured, and financially stable individuals. It was also higher among those without a history of COVID-19 infection and those with comorbidities and concerns about the virus. Higher odds of being boosted were associated with older age, Asian race, Spanish language, three public health regions (PHR 11, 7, 9/10), and diabetes and HIV diagnoses. Lower odds were observed among smokers, the uninsured, and those experiencing financial struggles. Among those who had not received the booster, greater intentions to receive a booster were observed across all racial/ethnic groups compared to White individuals, Spanish speakers, and the uninsured. Those with diabetes expressed stronger intentions to receive a booster, while individuals previously infected with COVID-19 and males were less inclined to seek a booster. However, individuals expressing concerns about the infection had higher intention to be boosted.
The findings highlighted disparities in booster vaccinations across geographic regions, racial/ethnic groups, and insurance status. Targeted educational initiatives about the importance of booster vaccination are needed, especially for underserved populations with limited access to healthcare. Public health efforts should also focus on countering misinformation and promoting the benefits of boosters through gain-framed messages to motivate vaccine uptake and mitigate the spread of COVID-19.
为控制新冠病毒变异并防止其进一步传播，定期重新接种疫苗至关重要。尽管有大量证据支持疫苗的有效性，但对新冠病毒加强针的犹豫情绪依然存在。
我们于2022年在德克萨斯州对14543名完全接种疫苗的成年人进行了加权电话调查，以研究与加强针接种情况以及接种加强针意愿相关的因素。我们使用带有套索选择变量的多重逻辑回归来确定加强针接种情况和意愿的社会人口统计学、地理和健康相关预测因素。
在受访者中，9989名（70%）受访者报告已接种加强针。年龄较大（65岁及以上）、白人、有公共保险且经济稳定的人群中加强针接种率更高。在没有新冠病毒感染史以及患有合并症且担心该病毒的人群中，接种率也更高。年龄较大、亚裔种族、讲西班牙语、三个公共卫生区域（第11、7、9/10公共卫生区域）以及患有糖尿病和艾滋病毒诊断与更高的加强针接种几率相关。吸烟者、未参保者以及面临经济困难的人群中接种几率较低。在未接种加强针的人群中，与白人、讲西班牙语者和未参保者相比，所有种族/族裔群体对接种加强针的意愿更强。患有糖尿病的人对接种加强针的意愿更强，而之前感染过新冠病毒的人和男性寻求接种加强针的意愿较低。然而，表达对感染担忧的人接种加强针的意愿更高。
研究结果凸显了不同地理区域、种族/族裔群体和保险状况在加强针接种方面的差异。需要开展有针对性的关于加强针接种重要性的教育举措，尤其是针对获得医疗服务机会有限的弱势群体。公共卫生工作还应侧重于对抗错误信息，并通过强调益处的信息来宣传加强针的好处，以促进疫苗接种并减轻新冠病毒的传播。
