Gasparik Cristina, Pérez María M, Ruiz-López Javier, Ghinea Răzvan I, Dudea Diana
Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Dental Materials, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 32 Clinicilor Street, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
Department of Optics, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, Campus Fuente Nueva, Edificio Mecenas, S/N, 18071 Granada, Spain.
J Dent. 2025 Jul;158:105725. doi: 10.1016/j.jdent.2025.105725. Epub 2025 Mar 28.
This review aimed to analyze and present information on the color of natural teeth and its distribution based on color measurement methods, types of studies, and research areas. Additionally, it identified knowledge gaps in dental color science and suggested areas for future research.
This review adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) Checklist.
An electronic search was conducted in Medline/Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science - all databases using the keywords: human, tooth, color, color difference, spectrophotometer, colorimeter, spectroradiometer. The review included exclusively English-written research articles published after 1979, focusing on those in-vivo protocols that instrumentally evaluated the color of natural human teeth and provided CIELab*, CIELCh° color coordinates, and/or shade guide designation.
The initial database search yielded 2501 results: Medline/Pubmed: n = 482; Scopus: n = 334; and Web of Science All databases: n = 1685. After selection, 53 research articles were included in the review.
Dental color is a complex phenomenon to objectively record, communicate, and reproduce. Although studies have reported color coordinates based on age, gender, ethnicity, and tooth type, there is no consensus within the scientific community. Most studies are cross-sectional, limiting the understanding of tooth color changes over time. Longitudinal studies involving diverse cultures with adequate sample sizes and consistent methodologies are necessary for objective color recording.
Studies assessing the color of in-vivo natural teeth show a high level of heterogeneity due to the diversity in the type of measurement devices used, experimental conditions, illuminant, number of teeth used, area of measurement, and color coordinates reported. Future research must consider more extensive and representative population samples, with standardized reporting of demographic characteristics (age, gender, ethnicity), and more detailed inclusion and exclusion criteria. It is crucial to prioritize the standardization of measurement conditions, using a non-contact instrument, calibration, and detailed reporting of color.
本综述旨在基于颜色测量方法、研究类型和研究领域，分析并呈现有关天然牙颜色及其分布的信息。此外，还确定了牙齿颜色科学中的知识空白，并提出了未来的研究方向。
本综述遵循系统评价和Meta分析扩展版的范围综述首选报告项目（PRISMA-ScR）清单。
在Medline/Pubmed、Scopus和Web of Science所有数据库中进行电子检索，使用的关键词为：人类、牙齿、颜色、色差、分光光度计、色度计、光谱辐射计。该综述仅纳入1979年后发表的英文撰写的研究文章，重点关注那些通过仪器评估天然人类牙齿颜色并提供CIELab*、CIELCh°颜色坐标和/或比色板指定的体内研究方案。
初步数据库检索产生2501条结果：Medline/Pubmed：n = 482；Scopus：n = 334；Web of Science所有数据库：n = 1685。筛选后，53篇研究文章被纳入综述。
牙齿颜色是一个难以客观记录、交流和再现的复杂现象。尽管研究报告了基于年龄、性别、种族和牙齿类型的颜色坐标，但科学界尚未达成共识。大多数研究是横断面研究，限制了对牙齿颜色随时间变化的理解。需要进行涉及不同文化、样本量充足且方法一致的纵向研究，以进行客观的颜色记录。
由于所使用的测量设备类型、实验条件、光源、使用的牙齿数量、测量区域和报告的颜色坐标存在差异，评估体内天然牙齿颜色的研究显示出高度的异质性。未来的研究必须考虑更广泛且具有代表性的人群样本，标准化报告人口统计学特征（年龄、性别、种族），以及更详细的纳入和排除标准。优先考虑测量条件的标准化、使用非接触式仪器、校准以及详细报告颜色至关重要。
