Nelson Elisabeth, Pereira Thiago N, de Castro Ribeiro Erica Milena, E Silva Bianca Daoud Mafra, Camillo Carolina, da Costa Thiago Rodrigues, Teixeira Mauro M, Ko Albert I, Cummings Derek A T, Moreira Luciano A
Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, USA.
World Mosquito Program, Instituto René Rachou (Fiocruz), Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
bioRxiv. 2025 Mar 13:2025.03.10.642347. doi: 10.1101/2025.03.10.642347.
introgression into mosquito populations has been shown to be effective in preventing dengue and is being evaluated for WHO prequalification. Monitoring the long-term introgression of (Mel)-positive mosquitoes, however, requires labor-intensive and costly BG-Sentinel traps (BG-traps). More affordable alternatives, such as using oviposition traps (ovitraps), have not been fully evaluated. eggs and adults were collected from 124 ovitraps and 237 BG-traps, respectively, across 12 clusters in Belo Horizonte, Brazil from March to May 2023 as part of the EVITA Dengue trial. We used a qPCR assay to detect Mel in a sample of L3-L4 stage larvae (up to 29) that were reared from eggs in ovitraps and adults from BG-traps (up to 10 per BG-trap). We used mixed effects models to compare estimates of cluster-level Mel introgression from ovitrap and BG-trap data over time. Among 3,675 larvae reared from ovitraps, Mel prevalence was 0.50 (95% CI: 0.48-0.51). Among 1,244 adult tested from BG-traps, Mel prevalence was 0.45 (95% CI: 0.42-0.48). Cluster-level Mel introgression in larvae and adults was highly correlated (Spearman's r = 0.70, p = 6.71e-06). Multivariate analysis found that ovitrap estimates of introgression were associated with BG-trap estimates in the same month when models incorporated the previous month's ovitrap Mel-positive count, the proportion of Mel in ovitraps in the current and previous month, and abundance. Leveraging this model, predicted Mel introgression from ovitrap data were highly correlated with observed introgression from BG-trap data (r=0.98, p=1.53e-14; r=0.82, p=0.11e-05) and provided greater precision than crude ovitrap-based estimates. These findings indicate that ovitrap-based monitoring represents a low cost, more efficient approach to evaluating introgression as the -based interventions are scaled up and implemented broadly in high burden regions for dengue and other arboviral diseases.
已证明将相关基因渗入蚊子种群对预防登革热有效，目前正在进行世界卫生组织预认证评估。然而，监测携带（Mel）基因的阳性蚊子的长期基因渗入情况需要使用劳动强度大且成本高的BG-诱蚊灯诱捕器（BG-诱捕器）。诸如使用产卵诱捕器（诱蚊产卵器）等更经济实惠的替代方法尚未得到充分评估。作为EVITA登革热试验的一部分，2023年3月至5月期间，分别从巴西贝洛奥里藏特的12个群组中的124个诱蚊产卵器和237个BG-诱捕器收集了卵和成虫。我们使用定量聚合酶链反应（qPCR）检测法，对从诱蚊产卵器中的卵孵化出的L3-L4期幼虫样本（最多29只）以及从BG-诱捕器捕获的成虫样本（每个BG-诱捕器最多10只）中的Mel基因进行检测。我们使用混合效应模型来比较不同时间从诱蚊产卵器和BG-诱捕器数据得出的群组水平Mel基因渗入估计值。在从诱蚊产卵器饲养的3675只幼虫中，Mel基因的流行率为0.50（95%置信区间：0.48 - 0.51）。在从BG-诱捕器检测的1244只成虫中，Mel基因的流行率为0.45（95%置信区间：0.42 - 0.48）。幼虫和成虫中群组水平的Mel基因渗入高度相关（斯皮尔曼相关系数r = 0.70，p = 6.71×10⁻⁶）。多变量分析发现，当模型纳入前一个月诱蚊产卵器中Mel基因阳性计数、当月和前一个月诱蚊产卵器中Mel基因的比例以及丰度时，诱蚊产卵器的基因渗入估计值与同一月份BG-诱捕器的估计值相关。利用该模型，从诱蚊产卵器数据预测的Mel基因渗入与从BG-诱捕器数据观察到的基因渗入高度相关（r = 0.98，p = 1.53×10⁻¹⁴；r = 0.82，p = 0.11×10⁻⁵），并且比基于诱蚊产卵器的粗略估计提供了更高的精度。这些发现表明，随着基于[具体内容缺失]的干预措施在登革热和其他虫媒病毒疾病高负担地区扩大规模并广泛实施，基于诱蚊产卵器的监测是一种低成本、更有效的评估基因渗入的方法。
