Trilla Antoni, Trilla Guillem, Aldea Marta, Vilella Anna
Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2025 Feb;46(1):82-94. doi: 10.1055/a-2531-1211. Epub 2025 Mar 31.
Whenever a new COVID-19 vaccination season starts, we must face new challenges, including which vaccines to use, the update of the high-risk groups to be vaccinated, and especially the type and amount of information to be communicated to people in order to promote vaccination. COVID-19 vaccination recommendations should fit these specific conditions. The use of effective vaccines against the predominant SARS-CoV-2 virus variants and the extent of the immune response (waning immunity) are key aspects to try to protect better the high-risk populations. Updated vaccines are currently swiftly available. However, the number of people vaccinated with any additional booster dose is declining. Improved health information and training for health care professionals, together with the use of better tools to make simpler vaccination recommendations, can encourage higher vaccination rates. Addressing these challenges is essential to improve vaccination coverage and ensure adequate protection in the face of evolving COVID-19 threats. The SARS-CoV-2 virus has become a constant presence in our society. The virus changes but is neither endemic nor seasonal so far. The Omicron variant prevailed for nearly 2 years and now several of its subvariants like JN.1, KP.2, or XEC are or can be the dominant ones. In the face of this moving situation, the main message must be the same: COVID-19 vaccines are safe and effective. The role of current COVID-19 vaccination efforts is to mitigate the severity of the disease and reduce the risk of complications and death, instead of preventing most SARS-CoV-2 infections. New vaccines against COVID-19 are now at different stages of clinical research.
每当新的新冠疫苗接种季开始时，我们都必须面对新的挑战，包括使用哪些疫苗、更新需接种疫苗的高危人群，尤其是为了促进疫苗接种而要向人们传达的信息类型和数量。新冠疫苗接种建议应符合这些特定情况。使用针对主要的新冠病毒变种的有效疫苗以及免疫反应的程度（免疫力下降）是努力更好地保护高危人群的关键方面。目前更新后的疫苗很快就能获得。然而，接种任何额外加强针的人数正在下降。改善针对医护人员的健康信息和培训，以及使用更好的工具来制定更简单的疫苗接种建议，能够鼓励更高的接种率。应对这些挑战对于提高疫苗接种覆盖率以及在面对不断演变的新冠威胁时确保充分保护至关重要。新冠病毒已在我们的社会中持续存在。该病毒在变化，但目前既非地方性流行也非季节性流行。奥密克戎变种流行了近2年，现在它的一些亚变种，如JN.1、KP.2或XEC正在或可能成为主要变种。面对这种不断变化的情况，主要信息必须保持一致：新冠疫苗是安全有效的。当前新冠疫苗接种工作的作用是减轻疾病的严重程度，降低并发症和死亡风险，而不是预防大多数新冠病毒感染。新的新冠疫苗目前正处于不同的临床研究阶段。
