Yan Hui, Fan Chun-Juan, Wang Ya-Jie, Liu Zi-Liang, Wang Jun-Qiao, Nie Shao-Ping
State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330047, China.
State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330047, China.
Int J Biol Macromol. 2025 May;309(Pt 1):142678. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.142678. Epub 2025 Mar 29.
In the current, the polysaccharide (GFP-40) from fruits of Gardenia jasminoides was obtained by water extraction and ethanol precipitation, further to characterize the structure features by the high performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC), high performance anion exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD), methylation combined with gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). Subsequently, GFP-40 was enzymatically degraded into several fractions with different molecular weight, and further evaluated the prebiotic potentials by in vitro fecal fermentation. Results showed that GFP-40 had molecular weight of 253 kDa, mainly consisted of GalA (82.03 %). Structure analysis indicated that GFP-40 was the mainly high-methoxyl homogalacturonan (HG) pectin (79.61 %) with alternately linked 1,4-GalpA and 1,4-GalpA (OMe) as backbone. Additionally, GFP-40 and its degraded fractions (55.6 kDa, 14.2 kDa, 4.7 kDa and 2.0 kDa) showed no significant difference in monosaccharide composition. The OD of each group gradually increased during fermentation, while the pH value, neutral sugar, and uronic content decreased. After fermentation, degraded fractions with lower molecular weight (4.7 kDa and 2.0 kDa) significantly increased the production of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs). GFP-40 and its enzymatic degraded fractions significantly increased the relative abundance of probiotics (such as Firmicutes and Actinobacteriota) and decreased the relative abundance of pathogens (such as Proteobacteria). These findings indicated that molecular weight of polysaccharide was related to the probiotic effect, with lower molecular weight showed better activities, and polysaccharide from fruits of Gardenia jasminoides could be potentially used as a functional substance to improve human health.
目前，采用水提法和乙醇沉淀法从栀子果实中获得多糖（GFP - 40），并通过高效凝胶渗透色谱（HPGPC）、高效阴离子交换色谱 - 脉冲安培检测法（HPAEC - PAD）、甲基化结合气相色谱 - 质谱联用（GC - MS）以及核磁共振波谱（NMR）对其结构特征进行表征。随后，将GFP - 40酶解为几种不同分子量的组分，并通过体外粪便发酵进一步评估其益生元潜力。结果表明，GFP - 40的分子量为253 kDa，主要由半乳糖醛酸（GalA，82.03%）组成。结构分析表明，GFP - 40主要是高甲氧基同型半乳糖醛酸聚糖（HG）果胶（79.61%），以交替连接的1,4 - 半乳糖醛酸（GalpA）和1,4 - 半乳糖醛酸甲酯（GalpA（OMe））为主链。此外，GFP - 40及其降解组分（55.6 kDa、14.2 kDa、4.7 kDa和2.0 kDa）的单糖组成无显著差异。发酵过程中各组的OD值逐渐升高，而pH值、中性糖和糖醛酸含量降低。发酵后，较低分子量的降解组分（4.7 kDa和2.0 kDa）显著增加了短链脂肪酸（SCFAs）的产生。GFP - 40及其酶解组分显著增加了益生菌（如厚壁菌门和放线菌门）的相对丰度，降低了病原体（如变形菌门）的相对丰度。这些发现表明，多糖的分子量与益生菌效应相关，分子量较低时活性更好，栀子果实多糖有可能作为一种功能性物质用于改善人类健康。
