Li Tiange, Li Chengyue
Hunan University of Arts and Science, School of Physical Education, Changde 415000, China.
Institute of Physical Education, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, Xinjiang, China.
Anthropol Anz. 2024 May 26;81(2):161-171. doi: 10.1127/anthranz/2025/1860.
This paper aimed to investigate the prevalence of underweight, overweight, and obesity among children and adolescents in China in 2010, 2014 and 2019. A total of 590,836 Chinese children and adolescents aged 7-17 years (295,602 boys) were included in the Chinese National Surveillance on Students' Constitution and Health surveys in 2010, 2014, and 2019. Weight categories were based on sex- and age-specific body mass index (BMI) cut-off values developed by the Working Group on Obesity in China. Prevalence estimates of overweight always include obesity. The chi-square test was used to estimate differences in detection rates across survey years. Height and BMI increased from 149.4 cm and 18.3 kg/m in 2010 to 151.6 cm and 19.2 kg/m in 2019, respectively. Trends in height and BMI slowed, but trends in BMI among girls accelerated. The prevalence of underweight among Chinese children and adolescents aged 7-17 years continued to decrease from 9.7% in 2010 to 7.5% in 2019 ( < 0.05). The prevalence of overweight and obesity progressively increased from 14.9% and 5.2% to 24.6% and 10.5%, respectively. The trends for the prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity decreased, but for the prevalence of obesity among girls increased. The trends for the prevalence of overweight and obesity decreased in younger children but increased in older adolescents. Future policies and preventive interventions should prioritize girls and adolescents, especially older girls.
本文旨在调查2010年、2014年和2019年中国儿童和青少年中体重过轻、超重和肥胖的患病率。2010年、2014年和2019年的中国学生体质与健康监测调查纳入了总共590,836名7至17岁的中国儿童和青少年（295,602名男孩）。体重类别基于中国肥胖问题工作组制定的按性别和年龄划分的身体质量指数（BMI）临界值。超重患病率估计值始终包括肥胖症。采用卡方检验来估计各调查年份检测率的差异。身高和BMI分别从2010年的149.4厘米和18.3千克/米²增加到2019年的151.6厘米和19.2千克/米²。身高和BMI的增长趋势放缓，但女孩的BMI增长趋势加速。7至17岁中国儿童和青少年中体重过轻的患病率从2010年的9.7%持续下降至2019年的7.5%（<0.05）。超重和肥胖的患病率分别从14.9%和5.2%逐步上升至24.6%和10.5%。体重过轻、超重和肥胖的患病率趋势下降，但女孩肥胖症的患病率上升。超重和肥胖的患病率趋势在年幼儿童中下降，但在年长青少年中上升。未来的政策和预防性干预措施应将女孩和青少年，尤其是年长女孩作为优先重点。
