Mayolas-Pi Carmen, Sitko Sebastian, Pano-Rodriguez Alvaro, Lopez-Laval Isaac, Reverter-Masia Joaquin, Legaz-Arrese Alejandro
1Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
2Human Movement Research Group, Zaragoza, Spain.
J Behav Addict. 2025 Apr 1;14(2):1095-1106. doi: 10.1556/2006.2025.00024. Print 2025 Jul 2.
Exercise addiction is a compulsive need to engage in physical activity despite potential negative consequences. This study aims to analyze adolescents' psychosocial health in relation to the risk of exercise addiction, focusing on competition levels, sport types, gender, and age.
A cross-sectional study was conducted with 7,596 participants (44.2% girls) aged 11-19. Data on physical activity (PAQ-C and PAQ-A), sleep quality (PSQI), anxiety (SAS), depression symptoms (BDI-II), eating disorders (EDI-3), and health-related quality of life (KIDSCREEN-52) were collected via validated questionnaires. The prevalence of exercise addiction risk (EAI) was assessed, and differences based on competition level, sport type, gender, and age were analyzed. Gamma GLMs factors-adjusted were used for statistical comparisons.
6.4% of adolescents in non-competitive sports and 15.6% in competitive sports showed a risk of exercise addiction. The risk was higher in boys, but the difference diminished at higher competition levels. The risk of addiction increased notably in late adolescence. Competitive athletes, especially at high levels, were at greater risk compared to noncompetitive athletes. Those in individual sports were at higher risk than those in team sports. Adolescents at risk of exercise addiction reported poorer mental health, including sleep quality (β = 1.62, p < 0.001), anxiety (β = 3.58, p < 0.001), depression (β = 2.283, p < 0.001), and eating disorders (β = 3.101, p < 0.001).
Exercise addiction is a significant concern among adolescents, especially in competitive and individual sports. It is associated with poorer mental health outcomes, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions to reduce the risk of addiction and promote holistic health in adolescent athletes.
运动成瘾是一种尽管存在潜在负面后果，但仍有强迫性地参与体育活动的需求。本研究旨在分析青少年与运动成瘾风险相关的心理社会健康状况，重点关注竞争水平、运动类型、性别和年龄。
对7596名年龄在11至19岁之间的参与者（44.2%为女孩）进行了一项横断面研究。通过经过验证的问卷收集了关于体育活动（儿童青少年体育活动问卷简版和青少年体育活动问卷）、睡眠质量（匹兹堡睡眠质量指数）、焦虑（焦虑自评量表）、抑郁症状（贝克抑郁量表第二版）、饮食失调（进食障碍评定量表第三版）以及与健康相关的生活质量（儿童青少年生活质量量表52项）的数据。评估了运动成瘾风险（EAI）的患病率，并分析了基于竞争水平、运动类型、性别和年龄的差异。使用伽马广义线性模型进行因素调整后的统计比较。
非竞技运动中的青少年有6.4%表现出运动成瘾风险，竞技运动中的这一比例为15.6%。男孩的风险更高，但在更高的竞争水平下这种差异会减小。运动成瘾风险在青春期后期显著增加。与非竞技运动员相比，竞技运动员，尤其是高水平竞技运动员，面临的风险更大。从事个人运动的青少年比从事团队运动的青少年风险更高。有运动成瘾风险的青少年报告心理健康状况较差，包括睡眠质量（β = 1.62，p < 0.001）、焦虑（β = 3.58，p < 0.001）、抑郁（β = 2.283，p < 0.001）和饮食失调（β = 3.1A01，p < 0.001）。
运动成瘾是青少年中的一个重要问题，尤其是在竞技和个人运动中。它与较差的心理健康结果相关，强调需要有针对性的干预措施来降低成瘾风险，并促进青少年运动员的整体健康。
