Cogălniceanu Dan, Ruşti Dorel, Skolka Marius, Stănescu Florina, Vlad Sabina E, Tănase Teodora L, Rozylowicz Laurenţiu
Research Center of the Natural Sciences Department, Ovidius University of Constanţa, Constanţa, Romania.
Asociația Harta Verde România, Bistrița-Năsăud, Romania.
PLoS One. 2025 Apr 1;20(4):e0319871. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0319871. eCollection 2025.
It is virtually impossible to compile a complete list of species and map their distributions in any protected area; nevertheless, a near complete inventory is vital for an adequate management plan. We use Retezat National Park (Romania) as a case study to assess the bias in faunistic inventories over the past 70 years. Retezat National Park is one of the most studied in Eastern Europe since it shelters some of the last patches of virgin old-growth forest in Europe. We reviewed the scientific literature published since the early 1900s dealing with faunistic surveys and retrieved the occurrence records available on GBIF for the study area. We identified a total of 4374 animal species belonging to 2113 genera, 494 families, 99 orders, 23 classes, and nine phyla. The number of publications started to accumulate after 1979, when the park became a Biosphere Reserve, reached a peak in the early 2000 and severely decreased during the last decade, highlighting a decline in the researchers' interest in faunistic surveys and, possibly, a delay between data collection and their publication. GBIF-mediated data made a small contribution, most records (60%) being collected in 2019. The bias analyses included only the distribution records available in the scientific literature, since they were already validated through peer-review. The number of publications and background of experts involved influenced the taxonomic coverage and inventory completeness. We found a strong spatial bias in terms of inventory coverage, with diversity hotspots located near roads and research facilities. Our study provides a roadmap for cost-effective future faunistic studies by prioritizing conservation efforts towards the most understudied areas and taxa within the park.
要编制任何保护区内物种的完整清单并绘制其分布图几乎是不可能的；然而，一份近乎完整的物种名录对于制定充分的管理计划至关重要。我们以罗马尼亚的雷泽扎特国家公园为例，评估过去70年动物区系清单中的偏差。雷泽扎特国家公园是东欧研究最多的公园之一，因为它庇护着欧洲最后几片原始老龄森林。我们回顾了自20世纪初以来发表的有关动物区系调查的科学文献，并检索了全球生物多样性信息机构（GBIF）上该研究区域的出现记录。我们共识别出4374种动物，它们分属于2113个属、494个科、99个目、23个纲和9个门。1979年该公园成为生物圈保护区后，相关出版物数量开始积累，在21世纪初达到峰值，而在过去十年中大幅下降，这凸显了研究人员对动物区系调查兴趣的下降，也可能意味着数据收集与发表之间存在延迟。GBIF提供的数据贡献不大，大部分记录（60%）是在2019年收集的。偏差分析仅包括科学文献中可用的分布记录，因为这些记录已经通过同行评审得到验证。出版物数量和参与专家的背景影响了分类覆盖范围和清单完整性。我们发现清单覆盖范围存在强烈的空间偏差，多样性热点位于道路和研究设施附近。我们的研究为未来具有成本效益的动物区系研究提供了路线图，即优先对公园内研究最少的区域和分类群进行保护。
