Matak Arash Mohammadi, Mu Yizhu, Mohati Seyedeh Mahdiye, Makdissi Stephanie, Di Cara Francesca
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3K 6R8, Canada.
Genome. 2025 Jan 1;68:1-18. doi: 10.1139/gen-2025-0003.
Circadian rhythms are important cellular pathways first described for their essential role in helping organisms adjust to the 24 h day-night cycle and synchronize physiological and behavioral functions. Most organisms have evolved a circadian central clock to anticipate daily environmental changes in light, temperature, and mate availability. It is now understood that multiple clocks exist in organisms to regulate the functions of specific organs. Epidemiological studies in humans reported that disruption of the circadian rhythms caused by sleep deprivation is linked to the onset of immune-related conditions, suggesting the importance of circadian regulation of immunity. Mechanistic studies to define how circadian clocks and immune responses interact have profound implications for human health. However, elucidating the clocks and their tissue-specific functions has been challenging in mammals. Many studies using simple model organisms such as have been pioneering in discovering that the clock controls innate immune responses and immune challenges can impact circadian rhythms and/or their outcomes. In this review, we will report genetic studies using the humble fruit fly that identified the existence of reciprocal interactions between the circadian pathway and innate immune signaling, contributing to elucidate mechanisms in the growing field of chrono-immunology.
昼夜节律是重要的细胞通路，最初因其在帮助生物体适应24小时昼夜循环以及使生理和行为功能同步方面的重要作用而被描述。大多数生物体已经进化出一个昼夜节律中枢时钟，以预测每天光照、温度和配偶可用性等环境变化。现在人们认识到，生物体中存在多个时钟来调节特定器官的功能。人类的流行病学研究报告称，睡眠剥夺导致的昼夜节律紊乱与免疫相关疾病的发病有关，这表明昼夜节律对免疫调节的重要性。确定昼夜节律时钟与免疫反应如何相互作用的机制研究对人类健康具有深远意义。然而，在哺乳动物中阐明这些时钟及其组织特异性功能一直具有挑战性。许多使用简单模式生物（如……）的研究率先发现时钟控制先天免疫反应，而免疫挑战会影响昼夜节律和/或其结果。在这篇综述中，我们将报告利用普通果蝇进行的遗传学研究，这些研究确定了昼夜节律通路与先天免疫信号之间存在相互作用，有助于阐明新兴的时间免疫学领域的机制。
