Carlson Curt A, Lockamyeir Robert F, Carlson Maria A, Goodsell Charles A, Jones Alyssa R, Wooten Alex R, Brand Zane T
East Texas A&M University, Commerce, TX, USA.
State University of New York at Oneonta, Oneonta, NY, USA.
Sci Rep. 2025 Apr 1;15(1):11064. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-96224-y.
Research indicates that eyewitness identification (ID) accuracy increases with faster IDs and those supported with immediate high confidence, but it is not clear which measure, confidence or response time, is the better reflector of accuracy. It is also important to know how well these patterns hold up across important factors affecting eyewitness ID accuracy such as memory strength for the perpetrator's face. We conducted four pre-registered experiments to investigate these issues across different levels of target memory strength (via encoding time or image quality) and ID procedure (showups vs. lineups of different filler quality). Correct IDs were faster than false IDs regardless of memory strength, and this difference was greater for lineups than showups. There was a consistently strong positive CA relationship for those who made an ID, but the RTA relationship was significantly weaker. Both relationships were weaker for those who made a rejection decision, but the CA relationship remained stronger than the RTA relationship. We conclude that immediate confidence may be a more important reflector of accuracy than response time, regardless of the quality of the memory for the perpetrator's face.
研究表明，目击证人的指认准确性会随着更快的指认速度以及即时的高度自信而提高，但尚不清楚是信心还是反应时间这一指标能更好地反映准确性。了解这些模式在影响目击证人指认准确性的重要因素（如对犯罪者面部的记忆强度）中表现如何也很重要。我们进行了四项预先注册的实验，以研究在不同水平的目标记忆强度（通过编码时间或图像质量）和指认程序（单人辨认与不同填充质量的列队辨认）下的这些问题。无论记忆强度如何，正确指认都比错误指认更快，且这种差异在列队辨认中比单人辨认更大。对于进行指认的人来说，信心与准确性（CA）之间始终存在强烈的正相关关系，但反应时间与准确性（RTA）之间的关系明显较弱。对于做出排除决定的人来说，这两种关系都较弱，但信心与准确性（CA）之间的关系仍比反应时间与准确性（RTA）之间的关系更强。我们得出结论，无论对犯罪者面部的记忆质量如何，即时信心可能比反应时间更能重要地反映准确性。
