Rissardo Jamir Pitton, Vora Nilofar Murtaza, Seth Nirali, Shariff Sanobar, Fornari Caprara Ana Letícia
Department of Neurology, Cooper University Hospital, Camden, NJ 08103, USA.
Department of Medicine, Terna Speciality Hospital, Navi Mumbai 400706, India.
Med Int (Lond). 2025 Mar 19;5(3):29. doi: 10.3892/mi.2025.228. eCollection 2025 May-Jun.
Transient myoclonic state (TMS) is a rare type of myoclonic jerks occurring predominantly in the upper extremities involving the head and commonly associated with asterixis. The present study performed a systematic review of published articles on this condition. For this purpose, six databases were searched by two reviewers to identify reports on TMS published online until November, 2024. A total of 17 reports containing 78 cases were found. Almost all the reports were from Japan, apart from one case reported in the USA. The mean age of the patients was 75.67 years (standard deviation, 5.8 years) and the median age was 75 years (range, 54 to 84 years). Sex was reported in 74 reports, and 60.8% of the patients were males. A precipitating factor, such as an infectious disease or the introduction of a new medication was observed in 24 cases (30.7%). All individuals achieved full recovery; however, 53 patients (67.9%) required benzodiazepine therapy, while the remaining individuals improved spontaneously. In summary, the present systematic review demonstrates that TMS is a rare condition, and is mainly encountered in Japan by unknown factors. There are likely genetic and environmental factors involved in its development; however, no specific geolocation related to the occurrence of TMS in Japan was found. It has a benign course and usually improves with the prescription of benzodiazepines. Management strategies include ensuring adequate multidisciplinary care coordination, as well as educating patients and their families about TMS. Future studies are required to describe the cases of TMS, including videos of the phenomenology. It is also recommended to perform whole genome sequencing analysis in patients with TMS.
短暂性肌阵挛状态（TMS）是一种罕见的肌阵挛性抽搐类型，主要发生在上肢，累及头部，通常与扑翼样震颤有关。本研究对已发表的关于这种病症的文章进行了系统综述。为此，两名评审人员检索了六个数据库，以识别截至2024年11月在线发表的关于TMS的报告。共发现17篇报告，包含78例病例。除美国报告的1例病例外，几乎所有报告都来自日本。患者的平均年龄为75.67岁（标准差为5.8岁），中位年龄为75岁（范围为54至84岁）。74篇报告中提及了性别，60.8%的患者为男性。24例病例（30.7%）观察到有诱发因素，如传染病或引入新药物。所有个体均完全康复；然而，53例患者（67.9%）需要苯二氮䓬类药物治疗，其余个体自发改善。总之，本系统综述表明，TMS是一种罕见病症，主要在日本因不明因素而遇到。其发病可能涉及遗传和环境因素；然而，未发现与日本TMS发生相关的特定地理位置。它病程良性，通常通过苯二氮䓬类药物处方改善。管理策略包括确保充分的多学科护理协调，以及对患者及其家属进行TMS教育。未来的研究需要描述TMS病例，包括现象学视频。还建议对TMS患者进行全基因组测序分析。
