Sayed Mahmoud, Qi Kezhen, Wu Xinhe, Zhang Liuyang, García Hermenegildo, Yu Jiaguo
Laboratory of Solar Fuel, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, 68 Jincheng Road, Wuhan 430078, P. R. China.
Chemistry department, Faculty of Science, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt.
Chem Soc Rev. 2025 May 19;54(10):4874-4921. doi: 10.1039/d4cs01091d.
S-scheme heterojunctions have become a hot topic in photocatalysis. Copper (Cu) compounds are a versatile family of photocatalytic materials, including oxides (CuO, CuO), binary oxides (CuBiO, CuFeO), sulfides (CuS, (1 ≤ ≤ 2)), selenides (CuSe), phosphides (CuP), metal organic frameworks (MOFs), These materials are characterized by narrow bandgaps, large absorption coefficients, and suitable band positions. To further increase the efficiency of photoinduced charge separation, Cu-based photocatalytic materials are widely integrated into S-scheme heterojunctions and exploited for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), CO reduction, HO generation, N fixation, and pollutant degradation. This review comprehensively discusses recent progress in Cu-based S-scheme heterojunctions, and highlights their considerable potential for targeted applications in sustainable energy conversion, environmental remediation, and beyond. The fundamentals of S-scheme charge transfer, the design principles and verification tools are summarized. Then, the review describes the Cu-based photocatalytic materials, categorized according to their chemical composition, and their integration in S-scheme heterojunctions for photocatalytic applications. In particular, the implications of the S-scheme charge transfer mechanism on promoting the catalytic activity of selected systems are analyzed. Finally, current limitations and outlooks are provided to motivate future studies on developing novel and advanced Cu-based S-scheme photocatalysts with high performance and studying the underlying photocatalytic mechanisms.
S型异质结已成为光催化领域的一个热门话题。铜（Cu）化合物是一类多功能的光催化材料，包括氧化物（CuO、Cu₂O）、二元氧化物（CuBiO₂、CuFeO₂）、硫化物（CuS、CuₓS₁₋ₓ（1≤x≤2））、硒化物（CuSe）、磷化物（CuP）、金属有机框架（MOF）。这些材料的特点是带隙窄、吸收系数大且能带位置合适。为了进一步提高光生电荷分离效率，铜基光催化材料被广泛集成到S型异质结中，并用于析氢反应（HER）、CO还原、H₂O₂生成、N₂固定和污染物降解。本文综述全面讨论了铜基S型异质结的最新进展，并强调了它们在可持续能源转换、环境修复及其他领域的靶向应用中的巨大潜力。总结了S型电荷转移的基本原理、设计原则和验证工具。然后，综述描述了根据化学成分分类的铜基光催化材料，以及它们在光催化应用的S型异质结中的集成。特别分析了S型电荷转移机制对提高所选体系催化活性的影响。最后，指出了当前的局限性并给出展望，以推动未来对开发高性能新型先进铜基S型光催化剂及研究其潜在光催化机理的研究。
