Schlidt Kevin, Asgardoon Mohamadhossein, Febre-Alemañy David A, El-Mallah Jessica C, Waldron Olivia, Dawes Jazzmyn, Agrawal Shailaja, Landmesser Mary E, Ravnic Dino J
Zubar Plastic Surgery Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA.
Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.
Tissue Eng Part B Rev. 2025 Apr 2. doi: 10.1089/ten.teb.2024.0242.
Tissue and organ dysfunction are major causes of worldwide morbidity and mortality with all medical specialties being impacted. Tissue engineering is an interdisciplinary field relying on the combination of scaffolds, cells, and biologically active molecules to restore form and function. However, clinical translation is still largely hampered by limitations in vascularization. Consequently, a thorough understanding of the microvasculature is warranted. This review provides an overview of (1) angiogenesis, including sprouting angiogenesis, intussusceptive angiogenesis, vascular remodeling, vascular co-option, and inosculation; (2) strategies for vascularized engineered tissue fabrication such as scaffold modulation, prevascularization, growth factor utilization, and cell-based approaches; (3) guided microvascular development via scaffold modulation with electromechanical cues, 3D bioprinting, and electrospinning; (4) surgical approaches to bridge the micro- and macrovasculatures in order to hasten perfusion; and (5) building specific vasculature in the context of tissue repair and organ transplantation, including skin, adipose, bone, liver, kidney, and lung. Our goal is to provide the reader with a translational overview that spans developmental biology, tissue engineering, and clinical surgery.
组织和器官功能障碍是全球发病和死亡的主要原因，影响着所有医学专业领域。组织工程是一个跨学科领域，依靠支架、细胞和生物活性分子的组合来恢复形态和功能。然而，临床转化仍然在很大程度上受到血管化方面限制的阻碍。因此，有必要深入了解微血管系统。本综述概述了：（1）血管生成，包括芽生血管生成、套入式血管生成、血管重塑、血管共选和吻合；（2）血管化工程组织构建的策略，如支架调节、预血管化、生长因子利用和基于细胞的方法；（3）通过利用机电线索、3D生物打印和静电纺丝进行支架调节来引导微血管发育；（4）连接微血管和大血管以加速灌注的手术方法；以及（5）在组织修复和器官移植背景下构建特定的脉管系统，包括皮肤、脂肪、骨骼、肝脏、肾脏和肺。我们的目标是为读者提供一个涵盖发育生物学、组织工程和临床外科的转化概述。
