Bondyra-Wiśniewska Beata, Harton Anna
Department of Dietetics, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS), Poland.
Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig. 2024 Dec 16;75(4):333-339. doi: 10.32394/rpzh/197421.
The recommended intake of vegetables and fruits is an important element of dietotherapy in the treatment of excess body weight and dyslipidemia in children and adolescents.
Assessment of vegetables and fruits consumption by children and adolescents with excess body weight and diagnosed dyslipidemia before participating in the nutritional intervention program.
The study included 64 children and adolescents (44 boys and 20 girls) aged 8-16 with overweight or obesity and dyslipidemia. These were patients of the Children's Memorial Health Institute in Warsaw referred by a pediatrician to participate in the nutritional intervention program. Vegetables and fruits consumption was estimated based on a 3-day current food record and the validated Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ-6).
The average consumption of total vegetables and fruits was 593±311 g, including 286±163 g of vegetables and 306±199 g of fruits (no differences in the groups with overweight and obesity, p>0.05). Compared to participants with overweight, patients with obesity consumed more vegetables per 1000 kcal of diet (p=0.034). In total, 41% of children and adolescents had a greater share of vegetables than fruits in meeting the recommendations (no differences between groups of participants with overweight or obesity, p>0.05). About half of the participants ate vegetables and fruits less than once a day. Raw vegetables and fruits were chosen more often than processed ones or juices.
Only 16% of children and adolescents with excess body weight and dyslipidemia before participating in the nutritional intervention program did not consume the recommended amounts of vegetables and fruits set at a minimum of 400 g. In nutritional education, special attention should be paid to promoting the consumption of several portions of vegetables and fruits every day, as well as their appropriate proportions.
蔬菜和水果的推荐摄入量是儿童和青少年超重及血脂异常饮食治疗的重要组成部分。
评估超重且被诊断为血脂异常的儿童和青少年在参加营养干预项目前的蔬菜和水果摄入量。
该研究纳入了64名8 - 16岁超重或肥胖且血脂异常的儿童和青少年（44名男孩和20名女孩）。这些是华沙儿童纪念健康研究所经儿科医生转诊来参加营养干预项目的患者。基于3天的当前饮食记录和经过验证的食物频率问卷（FFQ - 6）来估算蔬菜和水果的摄入量。
蔬菜和水果的总平均摄入量为593±311克，其中蔬菜为286±163克，水果为306±199克（超重和肥胖组之间无差异，p>0.05）。与超重参与者相比，肥胖患者每1000千卡饮食中摄入的蔬菜更多（p = 0.034）。总体而言，41%的儿童和青少年在达到推荐量方面蔬菜的占比高于水果（超重或肥胖参与者组之间无差异，p>0.05）。约一半的参与者每天吃蔬菜和水果的次数少于一次。生蔬菜和水果比加工过的蔬菜、水果或果汁更常被选择。
在参加营养干预项目前，只有16%的超重且血脂异常的儿童和青少年未达到每天至少400克的蔬菜和水果推荐摄入量。在营养教育中，应特别注意促进每天食用多份蔬菜和水果，以及它们的适当比例。
