Hugh Benedict T, Sim Eby M, Crighton Taryn, Sintchenko Vitali
School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Darlington, NSW, Australia.
The Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology - Public Health (CIDM-PH), Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia.
Front Public Health. 2025 Mar 19;13:1568194. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1568194. eCollection 2025.
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by members of the complex (MTBC), is a significant global health threat, with millions of cases diagnosed annually and an annual death toll exceeding 1.6 million. Zoonotic TB (zTB), transmitted between animals and humans, remains poorly understood and difficult to control. This narrative review examined current evidence of the emergence and transmission pathways of , a recently defined member of MTBC. The structured searches for published literature and genome sequence with relevant metadata were conducted using NCBI PubMed and GenBank, respectively. Population diversity was investigated using phylogenomic analysis. Despite significant gaps in current laboratory diagnostic capacity for TB, has been documented in 14 countries from 5 continents across 17 host species. Many cases (≈40%) were diagnosed around The Subcontinent and associated with a diverse range of mammalian hosts. In India, zTB due to appeared to be more prevalent than disease associated with (another zoonotic member of the MTBC). The whole genome sequencing of isolates highlighted high diversity associated with different ecological niches. The increasing world-wide prevalence of , especially in Asia, highlighted its emergence as a significant pathogen with zoophilic and anthropophilic potential. The reviewed evidence suggested multiple transmission pathways between humans and domesticated and wild mammalian hosts. Enhanced TB laboratory diagnostics and surveillance are imperative for mitigating the spread of zTB including one caused by in areas of established and currently unrecognized endemicity.
由结核分枝杆菌复合群（MTBC）成员引起的结核病（TB）是对全球健康的重大威胁，每年有数百万例病例被诊断出来，年死亡人数超过160万。人畜共患结核病（zTB）在动物和人类之间传播，目前仍了解不足且难以控制。这篇叙述性综述研究了MTBC最近定义的成员[具体名称缺失]出现和传播途径的现有证据。分别使用NCBI PubMed和GenBank对已发表文献和带有相关元数据的基因组序列进行结构化检索。使用系统发育基因组分析研究种群多样性。尽管目前结核病实验室诊断能力存在重大差距，但[具体名称缺失]已在来自5大洲14个国家的17种宿主物种中被记录。许多病例（约40%）在次大陆周围被诊断出来，并与多种哺乳动物宿主相关。在印度，由[具体名称缺失]引起的zTB似乎比与[另一名称缺失，也是MTBC的人畜共患病成员]相关的疾病更为普遍。[具体名称缺失]分离株的全基因组测序突出了与不同生态位相关的高度多样性。[具体名称缺失]在全球范围内的患病率不断上升，尤其是在亚洲，凸显了它作为一种具有嗜动物和嗜人潜力的重要病原体的出现。综述的证据表明，人类与家养和野生哺乳动物宿主之间存在多种传播途径。加强结核病实验室诊断和监测对于减轻zTB的传播至关重要，包括在已确定和目前未被认识的地方流行地区由[具体名称缺失]引起的zTB的传播。
