八段锦对老年人平衡能力的最佳运动参数：一项系统评价和荟萃分析。
Optimal exercise parameters of Baduanjin for balance in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
作者信息
Yang Yikun, Li Enjing, Gong Zixin, Tualaulelei Mauri, Zhao Zhiwei, Zhang Zhiyan
机构信息
School of Physical Education and Sport, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China.
School of Wushu, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China.
出版信息
Front Public Health. 2025 Mar 19;13:1541170. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1541170. eCollection 2025.
PURPOSE
Baduanjin represents an affordable and secure method of exercising both the mind and body, and has been observed to enhance balance in older adults. Nevertheless, the existing research on the impact of Baduanjin on various balance functions is still insufficient, and the optimal dosage parameters for performing Baduanjin exercises have not been studied.
METHODS
To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis, five English databases and three Chinese databases were performed. Relevant studies were searched by GOOGLE SCHOLAR, Web of Science, Cochrane, Embase, Pubmed, CNKI, SinoMed, and WangfangMed using "Baduanjin" and "balance." Subgroup analyses were conducted to investigate the influence of different exercise parameters on the observed outcomes. Meta-regression was employed to identify potential moderating factors. The Physical Therapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale was used for quality assessment.
RESULTS
A total of 40 studies were included in the analysis, while the majority of studies report promising outcomes, the overall quality of these studies is relatively low. The results of the meta-analysis showed Baduanjin significantly enhanced static balance (SMD = 0.87, 95%CI: 0.69-1.05), dynamic balance (SMD = 0.85, 95%CI: 0.50-1.19), proactive balance (SMD = -1.00, 95%CI: -1.33--0.67) and balance test battery (SMD = 1.04, 95%CI: 0.81-1.28) in older adults. Additionally, the findings indicated a notable reduction in the risk of falls (SMD = -2.19, 95%CI: -3.35--1.04) and an improvement in fall efficacy (SMD: 0.57, 95%CI: 0.36-0.78).
CONCLUSION
Baduanjin has been demonstrated to improve balance and reduce the risk of falls in older adults. Studies have found that significant gains begin to be achieved with a minimum of 12 weeks of practice and that 30-49 min of practice, 5-7 times per week, works best for developing different balances. However, most of the included studies were limited by a lack of blinding and follow-up visits, and there was an insufficient number of short-term or long-term studies to establish complete optimal parameters robustly.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=548345, identifier: CRD42024548345.
目的
八段锦是一种经济实惠且安全的身心锻炼方法，已观察到其能增强老年人的平衡能力。然而，目前关于八段锦对各种平衡功能影响的研究仍不充分，且尚未对八段锦锻炼的最佳剂量参数进行研究。
方法
为进行系统评价和荟萃分析，检索了五个英文数据库和三个中文数据库。通过谷歌学术、科学网、考克兰图书馆、Embase、PubMed、中国知网、中国生物医学文献数据库和万方医学网，使用“八段锦”和“平衡”进行相关研究检索。进行亚组分析以研究不同运动参数对观察结果的影响。采用元回归确定潜在的调节因素。使用物理治疗证据数据库（PEDro）量表进行质量评估。
结果
分析共纳入40项研究，虽然大多数研究报告了有前景的结果，但这些研究的整体质量相对较低。荟萃分析结果显示，八段锦显著增强了老年人的静态平衡（标准化均数差=0.87，95%置信区间：0.69 - 1.05）、动态平衡（标准化均数差=0.85，95%置信区间：0.50 - 1.19）、主动平衡（标准化均数差=-1.00，95%置信区间：-1.33 - -0.67）和平衡测试组合（标准化均数差=1.04，95%置信区间：0.81 - 1.28）。此外，研究结果表明跌倒风险显著降低（标准化均数差=-2.19，95%置信区间：-3.35 - -1.04），跌倒效能有所改善（标准化均数差：0.57，95%置信区间：0.36 - 0.78）。
结论
八段锦已被证明可改善老年人的平衡能力并降低跌倒风险。研究发现，至少练习12周开始能取得显著效果，每周练习5 - 7次，每次练习30 - 49分钟，对发展不同平衡能力效果最佳。然而，大多数纳入研究受到缺乏盲法和随访的限制，且短期或长期研究数量不足，无法有力地确定完整的最佳参数。
系统评价注册
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=548345，标识符：CRD42024548345。
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